Section outline

  • How much better is using solar power for your home?
    ::在家使用太阳能更好吗?

    First, let's look at some important terminology.
    ::首先,让我们看看一些重要的术语。

       Important Terminology
    ::重要术语

    Photovoltaic Effect: The phenomenon in which the incidence of light or other electromagnetic radiation upon the junction of two dissimilar materials, as a metal and a semiconductor, generates  an electromotive force. In essence, it is the generation of electricity through the exposure of material to light: photo = light, voltaic = electricity.
    ::光伏效应:两种不同材料作为金属和半导体在交接点发生光或其他电磁辐射,产生电动力量的现象,实质上是通过光接触材料(光照射=光,伏发=电)产生电源:光照射=光照射=光照射=光照射=光照射=电辐射=电辐射。

    Photovoltaic Cell (Solar Cell): A thin semiconductor wafer specially treated to form an electric field, positive on one side and negative on the other. When light energy strikes the PV cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in the form of an electric current (electricity). This electricity can then be used to power a load, such as a light or a tool.
    ::光电电池( Solar 电池): 薄式半导体微粒,专门处理成电场,一面为正,另一面为负。当光能击中光电池时,电子从半导体材料中的原子中被打散。如果电导器与正面和负面相连,形成电路,电子可以电流的形式(电流)捕捉。然后,这种电能可用于给一个载荷供电,例如灯光或工具。

    Solar Energy: Solar energy is the solar radiation from the sun’s rays that reach the earth. This energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. Passive solar energy can be exploited by positioning a house to allow sunlight to enter through the windows to help heat a space. Active solar energy involves the conversion of sunlight to electrical energy, especially in solar (photovoltaic) cells.
    ::太阳能:太阳能是太阳射入地球的太阳辐射。 这种能源可以转换成其他能源形式,比如热能和电能。 被动太阳能可以通过安装房屋让阳光从窗户进入太阳能帮助空间取暖而加以利用。 积极的太阳能包括将阳光转换成电能,特别是在太阳能(光伏)电池中。

    Solar Panel: A panel designed to absorb the sun’s rays as a source of energy for generating electricity or heat.
    ::太阳能面板:一个专门用来吸收太阳射线的面板,作为发电或供热的能源。

    Watt: A basic unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.
    ::瓦特:一个基本功率单位,相当于每秒一焦耳,相当于电路的功率,其中潜在差数为一伏特和目前的安培。

     

    lesson content

    A small photovoltaic solar electric panel system has been installed at a new school. The daily energy generated by the system can be modeled by the function y = 64 + 95 x − 7.5 x 2 ,  where x is the month and y is power in kilowatt-hours.
    ::在一所新学校安装了小型光伏太阳能电池板系统,该系统产生的每日能量可以通过y=64+95x-7.5x2的函数模拟,其中x是月份,y是千瓦小时的功率。

    1. What observations can you make about the equation? What do the numbers mean? What do any of the coefficients mean? What's the input? The output?
    ::1. 你能对等式作什么观察?数字意味着什么?任何系数意味着什么?输入什么?输出是什么?

    2. Create a table to represent this function. What are realistic values for x ?
    ::2. 创建表格以代表此函数。 x 的现实值是什么?

    3. Create a graph (either by hand or on a computer or graphing calculator) to represent this function. What observations can you make about this solar panel system?
    ::3. 创建图形(用手或计算机或图形化计算器)以代表此函数。您能对这一太阳能电池板系统作何种观察?

    4. Identify the vertex of the graph. What does the vertex represent?
    ::4. 标明图的顶点。顶点代表什么?

    5. What is the maximum monthly energy output? What month will have the maximum energy output?
    ::5. 最高月能源产出是多少?最高月能源产出是多少月?最高月能源产出是多少月?

    6. In which month will the system produce zero energy output? Does your answer to the previous question make sense in real life? Why or why not?
    ::6. 该系统将在哪个月产生零能源产出?你对前一个问题的答复在现实生活中是否有意义?为什么或为什么没有?

    7. From your observations and calculations above, create a more realistic graph to represent this function. Identify specific months on the appropriate axis. Why does this solar panel system represent a quadratic relationship?  (This question has been directly transferred from the resource cited below.)
    ::7. 根据上述观察和计算,创建一个更现实的图表来表示这一函数。在适当的轴上指定特定的月份。为什么这个太阳能电池板系统代表四面形关系?(这个问题已经直接从下文引用的资源中转移出来。 )

    The energy output of a huge 2-megawatt photovoltaic solar farm in Arizona can be modeled with the quadratic function f ( x ) = 71 , 332 + 63 , 662 x − 4 , 868 x 2 .  (Note: 1,000 \ watts = 1 \ kilowatt and 1,000 \ kilowatts = 1 \ megawatt.)
    ::亚利桑那州一个大型的2兆瓦光伏太阳能农场的能量输出可以以四边函数f(x)=711.332+63,662x-4,868x2.(注:1 000瓦特=1千瓦特和1 000千瓦特=1兆瓦)。

    8. What does the 71,332 in the function represent in your graph/table?
    ::8. 该函数中的71,332字在您的图表/表格中代表什么?

    9. What does the 71,332 represent in real life in this problem?
    ::9. 在这个问题的实际生活中,71 332美元代表什么?

    10. Find the vertex of the graph of the function.
    ::10. 查找函数图的顶点。

    11. What is the maximum energy output of the solar farm?
    ::11. 太阳能农场的最大能源产出是什么?

    12. In what two months is the energy output at about 250 megawatts per month?
    ::12. 每月大约250兆瓦的能源产出是两个月?

    13. What is the least amount of energy the system will produce?
    ::13. 该系统将产生的能源量最少是多少?

    14. The electricity demand per month of a community of 250 average American homes is approximately 230 megawatts. Between what months of the year can this large solar farm meet this community’s electricity demand?
    ::14. 拥有250个平均美国家庭的社区每月的电力需求约为230兆瓦,这个大型太阳能农场在一年的哪个月能满足这个社区的电力需求?

    This video by TED-Ed shows how solar panels work.
    ::TED-Ed的这段影片展示了太阳能电池板是如何工作的。

      

    References
    ::参考参考资料

    1. "Save Electricity and Fuel | Department of Energy," last accessed May 28, 2017,
    ::1. “拯救电力和燃料”能源部, 2017年5月28日最后一次访问,