Section: 连接:你是酸类还是碱类? | 11.15 连接:你是酸类还是碱类?

Section outline

pH, or the potential of hydrogen, is a scale used to measure how acidic or basic (similar to alkaline) a solution is. It is the common logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion concentration, H ⁺ , or
::pH,或氢的潜力,是用来测量酸性或基本(类似于碱性)溶液是如何的尺度。它是氢离子浓度、H+或氢的对等值的常见对数。

\begin{aligned} pH = \log (\frac{1}{H^{+}}) = - \log H^{+} . \end{aligned}

::pH=log(1H+)=-logH+。

Most solutions are between 0, where the solution is largely h ydrogen ions, and 14, where the solution has almost no hydrogen ions, on the pH scale. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Water ¹ is neutral with a pH of 7.
::大部分解决方案在0和14之间,前者的解决方案主要是氢离子,而后者的解决方案在pH值上几乎没有氢离子。pH值小于7的解决方案是酸性的。pH值大于7的解决方案是基本的。Water1的解决方案是中性的,而pH值为7。

lesson content

The human body has several solutions, including saliva, blood plasma, and gastric acid, and they do not all have the same pH.
::人体有几种解决办法,包括唾液、血浆和胃酸,它们并不都有相同的pH值。

1. Graph the pH function for acidic solutions. (Hint: The $\begin{aligned} x \end{aligned}$ -axis or hydrogen ion concentration spans from $\begin{aligned} 0.1 \times 10^{- 6} \end{aligned}$ or 0.1 micro-moles per liter (μmol/L) to 10,000 μmol/L .)
::1. 绘制酸溶液pH函数图。 (提示:x轴或氢离子浓度为每升0.1×10-6或0.1微摩尔(微克/升)至10,000微克/升。 )

2. The pH values of some bodily fluids are below.
::2. 一些体液的pH值如下。

Gastric Acid ²	pH 1.5-3.5
Saliva ³	pH 6.2-7.4
Sweat ⁴	pH 4.5-7.0
Earwax ⁵	pH 6.1

Take an average of the ranges and plot four points on the graph that correspond to these fluids.
::取出平均范围,并在图中绘制与这些流体相对应的四点。

Not all bodily fluids are acidic. Some examples of basic fluids include bile produced in the liver (pH 7.5-8.05), which aids in digestion, and blood plasma ⁶ (pH 7.35-7.45).
::并非所有的体液都是酸性的,一些基本液体的例子包括肝脏(pH 7.5-8.05)中生成的胆碱酯酶,帮助消化,血浆6 (pH 7.35-7.45)。

Sometimes healthcare providers will test the pH of various fluids to check for health maintenance and possible problems. For blood plasma, a pH higher than 7.45 could indicate liver disease or be the result of excess vomiting, while a pH less than 7.35 could indicate hypoglycemia or cancer ⁷ . pH is an important diagnostic tool that allows healthcare providers to identify problems.
::有时,医疗服务提供者会检测各种液体的pH值,以检查健康维持和可能的问题。对于血浆而言,pH值高于7.45可能表明肝病或超量呕吐,而pH值低于7.35可能显示低血糖或癌症。 pH值是一个重要的诊断工具,可以让医疗服务提供者发现问题。

3. Metabolic alkalosis is a condition where the pH of the blood plasma increases. If a patient has metabolic alkalosis with a pH of 7.6, what is the hydrogen ion concentration ⁸ ? How different is the hydrogen ion concentration than normal with a pH of 7.45?
::3. 血浆pH值增加的一个情况是代谢性藻类碱性藻类,如果病人的代谢性藻类藻类的pH值为7.6,那么氢离子浓度是多少8?pH值为7.45的氢离子浓度与正常水平相比有何不同?

4. There is a similar condition called metabolic acidosis, where the pH in the blood plasma decreases. If a patient has metabolic acidosis with a pH of 7.1, what is the hydrogen ion concentration ⁹ ? How different is the hydrogen ion concentration from normal at a pH of 7.35?
::4. 存在一种类似的情况,即代谢酸中毒,血液等离子体中的pH值下降,如果病人的代谢酸中毒的pH值为7.1,那么氢离子浓度是多少? 氢离子浓度与pH值为7.35的正常水平有何不同?

by Andrew Chin explains the chemistry of the digestive system and the blood. Note the video begins and ends with the sound of airhorns.
::Andrew Chin解释消化系统和血液的化学作用。请注意,视频以气笛声开始和结束。

References
::参考参考资料

1. "pH," last edited April 22, 2017,
::2017年4月22日上次编辑的"pH"

2. "Gastric Acid," last edited June 2, 2017,
::2. 2017年6月2日编辑的《气体酸》

3. "Saliva," last edited May 11, 2017,
::2017年5月11日上次编辑的《唾液》

4. "Perspiration," last edited May 31, 2017,
::4. 2017年5月31日最后一次编辑的"呼吸"

5. “Earwax,” last edited May 5 2017,
::5. “Earwax”,2017年5月5日最后一次编辑,

6. "Bile," last edited April 22, 2017,
::6. “Bile”,上次编辑 2017年4月22日,

7. "Blood Plasma," last edited May 29, 2017,
::2017年5月29日上一次编辑

8. "Metabolic Alkalosis," last edited May 15, 2017,
::8. 2017年5月15日上一次编辑的《梅多博利阿尔卡松病》

9. "Metabolic Acidosis," last edited May 30, 2017,
::9. 2017年5月30日上一次编辑的《新陈代谢酸中毒》

Section outline

References ::参考参考资料

References
::参考参考资料