Section outline

  • Demography is the statistical study of human populations throughout the world. The changes in a population's size are caused by changes in the birth rate, the death rate, and the net migration rate. The data gathered in such studies are used to create mathematical models that can be used to predict and measure fluctuations in these rates. Then demographic research focuses on why any of these rates change. Understanding a society's demography is an essential tool in determining current and future public health needs.
    ::人口统计是全世界人类人口的统计研究,人口规模的变化是由出生率、死亡率和净移徙率变化造成的。在这类研究中收集的数据被用来创建数学模型,可用于预测和衡量这些比率的波动。然后,人口研究侧重于这些比率变化的原因。了解一个社会的人口结构是确定当前和未来公共卫生需求的基本工具。

    lesson content

     

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosts a website dedicated to providing such data and its visual display to help study these trends. The following dataset will be used to begin this project:
    ::疾病控制和预防中心设有一个网站,专门提供这类数据及其直观显示,以帮助研究这些趋势。

    Use the techniques you learned from this chapter to begin an analysis of the Natality Trend Data for the number of births from 1990 to 2013. Use the following guidelines:
    ::使用从本章学到的技巧,开始分析1990年至2013年出生人数的Natality Trend数据。 使用下列准则:

    1. If the graph of this data defines a function, what is its domain and range?
      ::如果此数据的图形定义了函数,那么它的域和范围是什么?
    2. Plot the births from 1990 to 2013.
      ::1990年至2013年的出生地分布。

    1. Identify the following characteristics of the natality function:
      1. Intervals where the number of births are decreasing. Write a sentence to interpret this information.
        ::出生人数不断减少的间隔期。请写一个句子来解释这些信息。
      2. Intervals where the births are increasing. Write a sentence to interpret this information. 
        ::生育增加的间隔。写句子来解释这些信息。
      3. Identify the coordinates of the local maximum. Write a sentence to interpret this information.
        ::标明本地最大值的坐标。 写入一个句子来解释此信息 。
      4. Identify the coordinates of the local min imum. Write a sentence to interpret this information.
        ::确定本地最小值的坐标。 撰写句子解释此信息 。

      ::确定出生功能的以下特征: 生育数量减少的间隔期; 撰写解释这些信息的句子; 增加生育的间隔期; 解释这些信息的间隔期; 确定本地最大值的坐标; 撰写解释这些信息的句子; 解释这些信息的句子; 确定本地最低值的坐标; 撰写解释这些信息的句子。
    2. Let N(t) be defined by the function in the above graph. Assume several other communities had natality trends with the same pattern. Use function notation to describe the function that models their birth rate from 1990 to 2013.
      1. Country 1: Its birth rate is twice that of the U.S.
        ::国家1:其出生率是美国出生率的两倍。
      2. Country 2: It has exactly same pattern as the U.S., but each year it has 1 million fewer live births.
        ::国家2:其模式与美国完全相同,但每年的活产数减少100万。
      3. Country 3: It had the exact number of births, but its pattern lagged the U.S. by five years.
        ::国家3:它有出生的确切数量,但其模式落后于美国5年。

      ::Let N(t) 由上图中的函数来定义。 假设其他几个社区有相同的出生趋势。 使用函数符号来描述1990- 2013年的出生率模式。 国家 1: 其出生率是美国2 的两倍 : 它有着与美国完全相同的模式, 但每年的活产数要少100万。 国家 3 : 它有准确的出生数,但其模式落后于美国5 年 。
    3. A new function is needed to answer questions about this data. Its domain should be number of births and the range, year. This is the inverse function for N(t). Graph the inverse.
      ::需要一个新函数来回答有关此数据的问题。 它的域应该是出生数量和范围, 年份。 这是 N( t) 的反函数 。 倒图 。