Section outline

  • DNA sequencing output displaying base pairs in a genetic code.

    What is your genetic code ?
    ::你的遗传密码是什么?

    The sequence of letters above represents bases in someone's . It is now possible to find out a person's entire genetic code by determining all the bases in his or her DNA. What might be the benefits?
    ::上面字母的顺序代表某人的基数。 现在可以通过确定一个人的DNA中的所有基数来发现一个人的全部基因代码。 可能有什么好处呢 ?

    Human Genome Project
    ::人类基因组项目

    A person’s genome is all of his or her genetic information. In other words, the human genome is all the information that makes us human. And unless you have an identical twin, your genome is unique. No one else has a genome just like yours, though all our genomes are similar.
    ::一个人的基因组是他或她的全部基因信息。 换句话说,人类基因组是使我们成为人类的所有信息。 而且,除非你有一个相同的双胞胎,否则你的基因组是独一无二的。 其他人都没有像你一样的基因组,尽管我们所有的基因组都是相似的。

    The ( Figure ) was an international effort to sequence all 3 billion bases that make up our DNA and to identify within this code more than 20,000 human genes . Scientists also completed a chromosome map, identifying where the genes are located on each of the chromosomes. The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003. Though the Human Genome Project is finished, analysis of the data will continue for many years. To say the Human Genome Project has been beneficial to mankind would be an understatement.
    ::人类基因组项目于2003年完成,尽管人类基因组项目已经完成,但数据分析将持续多年。 人类基因组项目对人类有益,这将会是一种低估。

    Karyotype displaying human chromosomes arranged in pairs by size.

    To complete the Human Genome Project, all 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body were sequenced. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. This is a karyotype, a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes lined up by size.
    ::为了完成人类基因组项目,人类身体中23对染色体都进行了排序。 每个染色体都包含数千个基因。 这是一个karyo型,一个按大小排列的个人染色体的直观表示。

    Exciting applications of the Human Genome Project include the following:
    ::人类基因组项目令人振奋的应用包括:

    • The genetic basis for many diseases can be more easily determined. Now there are tests for over 1,000 .
      ::许多疾病的遗传基础可以比较容易地确定,现在有超过1 000人的测试。
    • The technologies developed during this effort, and since the completion of this project, will reduce the cost of sequencing a person's genome. This may eventually allow many people to sequence their individual genome.
      ::这项工作期间和自该项目完成以来开发的技术将降低一个人基因组测序的成本,最终可能使许多人能够测序个人基因组。
    • Analysis of your own genome could determine if you are at risk for specific diseases.
      ::分析自己的基因组可以确定您是否面临特定疾病的风险。
    • Knowing you might be genetically prone to a certain disease would allow you to make preventive lifestyle changes or have medical screenings.
      ::了解你可能遗传上容易感染某种疾病,可以改变预防性生活方式或进行医学检查。

    The video Our Molecular Selves discusses the human genome, and is available at or . Genome, Unlocking Life's Code is the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History's exhibit on the human genome. See to visit the exhibit.
    ::我们的分子沙夫斯讨论人类基因组的视频, 可以在基因组,《解锁生命法典》上或. Smithsonian国家自然历史博物馆的人类基因组展览。请参观该展览。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The Human Genome Project involved an international effort to sequence all 3 billion bases that make up our DNA and to identify within this code more than 20,000 human genes.
      ::人类基因组项目涉及一项国际努力,对构成我们DNA的所有30亿个基地进行排序,并在这一代码中查明2万多个人类基因。
    • Analysis of your own genome could determine if you are at risk for specific diseases.
      ::分析自己的基因组可以确定您是否面临特定疾病的风险。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • The race to sequence the human genome at

      ::人类基因组序列的竞赛
    1. Describe the method used by the Human Genome Project.
      ::说明人类基因组项目使用的方法。
    2. What method was used by the Celera group?
      ::Celera集团采用什么方法?
    3. What did the Human Genome Project do with their project data within 24 hours of collection?
      ::人类基因组项目在收集24小时之内用项目数据做什么?
    4. After 3 years of sequencing, what was the status of the two group’s progress in completing the project? Were they ahead or behind schedule?
      ::经过3年的先后顺序,两组在完成项目方面的进展状况如何?它们是提前还是落后于时间表?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Personal Genome Project at
      ::个人基因组项目
    1. What is the goal of the personal genome project?
      ::个人基因组项目的目标是什么?
    2. What information are they seeking besides a person's genome?
      ::除了一个人的基因组之外,他们还想要什么信息?
    3. Why participate in the PGP?
      ::为什么参加人民进步党?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a person's genome?
      ::一个人的基因组是什么?
    2. Describe the Human Genome Project.
      ::描述人类基因组项目。
    3. Would you want to know your own genome? Why or why not?
      ::你想知道自己的基因组吗?为什么或为什么?