Section outline

  • Feather stars with feathery arms clinging to a rocky underwater surface.

    How can you find feathers in the ocean?
    ::你怎么能在海中找到羽毛?

    aren't the only creatures that have feathers. One type of , the feather star , has feathery arms. These don't fly or even move much at all. They usually cling to rocks, using a root-like structure.
    ::并非只有有羽毛的生物。 有一种, 羽星, 有羽毛的手臂。 它们不会飞,甚至移动很多。 它们通常用根状结构粘着岩石。

    Types of Echinoderms
    ::近效物质类型

    The echinoderms can be divided into two major groups:
    ::技术伦理学可分为两大类:

    1. Eleutherozoa are the echinoderms that can move. This group includes the starfish and most other echinoderms.
      ::这组动物包括海星和大多数其它动物
    2. Pelmatozoa are the immobile echinoderms. This group includes crinoids , such as the feather stars .
      ::Pelmatozoa是非流动的脑电介质。这一组包括类固醇,如羽毛星。

    Listed below are the four main classes of echinoderms present in the Eleutherozoa Group ( Table ).
    ::下文列出了埃卢塞罗佐亚集团(表)中存在的四大类脑电离层(echinoderms)。

    Class Representative Organisms Characteristics
    Asteroidea Starfish and asteroids Capture prey for their own food.
    Ophiuroidea Brittle stars ( Figure ) Bottom feeders with long, narrow, flexible arms that allow relatively fast movement.
    Echinoidea Sea urchins and sand dollars Have movable spines which are used for movement, defense, and sensing the environment.
    Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers Armless, elongated, generally soft-bodied animals.

    A person holds a vibrant red brittle star above water, showcasing its long, flexible arms.

    The giant red brittle star, an ophiuroid echinoderm.
    ::巨型红小鱼星, 一只小木偶机器人的脑电图。

    Habitat
    ::生境生境中心

    Echinoderms are spread all over the world at almost all depths, latitudes, and environments in the ocean. Most feather stars (crinoids) live in shallow . In the deep ocean, sea cucumbers are common, sometimes making up 90% of the organisms . Most echinoderms, however, are found in reefs just lying beneath the surface of the water. No echinoderms are found in freshwater habitats or on land. This makes Echinodermata the largest animal phylum to only have ocean-based .
    ::海洋中几乎所有深度、纬度和环境都分布在世界各地,大多数羽状恒星(类状物)都生活在浅浅处。在深海中,海参很常见,有时占生物的90%。但是,大多数的黄瓜都存在于位于水表下的珊瑚礁中,淡水生境或陆地中都找不到精化物。这使Echinodermata成为最大的动物植物,只有以海洋为基地。

    Do Echinoderms Move?
    ::神经科药物会移动吗?

    While almost all echinoderms live on the sea floor, some sea-lilies can swim at great speeds for brief periods of time, and a few sea cucumbers are fully floating. Some echinoderms find other ways of moving. For example, crinoids attach themselves to floating logs, and some sea cucumbers move by attaching to the sides of .
    ::虽然几乎所有的海洋生态动物都生活在海底,但有些海象可以在短短的时间内高速游泳,还有一些海参完全漂浮。 一些海参找到了其他迁移方式。 比如,海参附着在浮木上,有些海参通过附着在海参的两侧而移动。

    On the underside side of a sea star, there are hundreds of tiny feet usually arranged into several rows on each ray of the star. These are called tube feet, or podia, and are filled with seawater in most echinoderms. The water vascular system within the body of the animal is also filled with seawater. By expanding and contracting chambers within the water vascular system, the echinoderm can force water into certain tube feet to extend them. The animal has in the tube feet, which are used to retract them. By expanding and retracting the right tube feet in the proper order , the animal can walk.
    ::在海星的下侧,有数百只小脚,通常排列在恒星的每个射线的几行中,这些是管脚或脚足,充斥着海水,大部分是高深层。动物体内的水血管系统也充斥着海水。通过水血管系统内部的扩张和连接室,大脑可以迫使水进入某些管脚,以扩展它们。动物在管脚里有水,用来收回它们。通过扩展和收回右管脚,动物可以正常行走。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Echinoderms include the star fish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and feather stars.
      ::蛋白质包括恒星鱼、海胆、沙子和羽毛星。
    • Echinoderms are found in many different ocean environments, but most are found in reefs.
      ::许多不同的海洋环境中都发现了近效物,但大多数是在珊瑚礁中发现的。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Feather Stars and Sea Lilies at (1:49)
      ::羽毛星和海 Lilies at (1: 49)
    1. What is the difference between sea lilies and feather stars?
      ::海莲和羽毛星有什么区别?
    2. Some crinoids can be seen at night in shallow tropical waters, but where have they been found to be most abundant?
      ::晚上在浅热带水域可以看到一些树脂,但在哪里发现这些树脂最丰富?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Brittle Star Food Fight at (1:59)
      ::Brittle Star 食品战(1: 59)
    1. What kind of feeding behavior are these brittle stars displaying?
      ::这些易碎的恒星展示的 什么样的喂养行为?
    2. How is this feeding behavior related to the ecosystem in which they live?
      ::这种喂养行为与他们所生活的生态系统有何关系?

    Explore More III
    ::探索更多三

    • Sea cucumbers at National Geographic
      ::国家地理学海洋黄瓜
    1. Where do sea cucumbers live?
      ::海参住在哪里?
    2. How do sea cucumbers eat?
      ::海参怎么吃?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Name five examples of echinoderms.
      ::举五例说明脑电图。
    2. Where are most echinoderms found?
      ::哪里发现大多数的脑电图?
    3. Describe the land-based echinoderms.
      ::描述陆基脑电介质。
    4. How do sea stars move?
      ::海星如何移动?