动能能
章节大纲
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What could these four photos possibly have in common? Can you guess what it is? All of them show things that have kinetic energy.
::这四张相片有什么共同点?你能猜到它是什么吗?它们都显示有动能的东西。Defining Kinetic Energy
::界定动能Kinetic energy is the of moving matter. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy—from atoms in matter to stars in outer space. Things with kinetic energy can do work. For example, the spinning saw blade in the photo above is doing the work of cutting through a piece of metal .
::动能是移动物质。任何移动中的东西都有动能——从原子到物质到外层空间的恒星,动能可以发挥作用。例如,上面照片中的旋转锯片正在切割一块金属。Calculating Kinetic Energy
::计算动动能The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and . An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:
::移动对象的动能能量直接取决于其质量和 。 质量或速度较大或更快的物体具有更多的动能。 您可以用此方程式计算移动对象的动能量 :
::动能(KE) = 12 massasx速度2This equation shows that an increase in velocity increases kinetic energy more than an increase in mass. If mass doubles, kinetic energy doubles as well, but if velocity doubles, kinetic energy increases by a factor of four. That’s because velocity is squared in the equation.
::这一方程式表明,速度增长会增加动能,而不是质量增长。 如果质量翻倍,动能也翻倍,但如果速度翻倍,动能就会增加四倍。 这是因为速度在方程式中是正方形的。Let’s consider an example. The Figure shows Juan running on the beach with his dad. Juan has a mass of 40 kg and is running at a velocity of 1 m/s. How much kinetic energy does he have? Substitute these values for mass and velocity into the equation for kinetic energy:
::让我们来举一个例子。图中显示了胡安和他的父亲在海滩上奔跑。胡安的重量为40公斤,速度为1米/秒。他有多少动能?用这些质量和速度的数值来替代动能的方程式:or
::KE=12×40公斤×(1米)2=20公斤×平方米2=20奈姆,或20焦耳Notice that the answer is given in joules (J), or N • m, which is the SI unit for energy. One joule is the amount of energy needed to apply a force of 1 newton over a of 1 meter.
::请注意,答案是以焦耳(J)或M(N)表示的,M(即SI的能量单位)表示的。一焦耳是指在1米以上应用1牛顿的功率所需的能量量。What about Juan’s dad? His mass is 80 kg, and he’s running at the same velocity as Juan (1 m/s). Because his mass is twice as great as Juan’s, his kinetic energy is twice as great:
::胡安的爸爸呢?他的质量是80公斤,他的速度与胡安(1米/秒)相同。 因为他的质量是胡安的两倍,他的动能是胡安的两倍:, or
::KE=12×80kxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2=40xxm2s2=40N°m,或40JQ: What is Juan’s kinetic energy if he speeds up to 2 m/s from 1 m/s?
::问:如果胡安的速度从1米/秒加速到2米/秒,他的动能是什么?A: By doubling his velocity, Juan increases his kinetic energy by a factor of four:
::A: 胡安将速度翻倍, 将动能增加四倍:, or
::KE=12×80公斤x( 2ms) 2=80公斤xxm2s2=160 Nm, 或80 JSummary
::摘要-
Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of moving matter. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy.
::动能(KE)是移动物质的能量。任何移动都具有动能。 -
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. It can be calculated with the equation:
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::移动对象的动能能量直接取决于其质量和速度。可以用公式:KE=12massxxpex2来计算。
Review
::回顾-
What is kinetic energy?
::什么是动能? -
The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and its
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volume.
::体积。 -
velocity.
::速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 速度 -
distance.
::距离。 -
acceleration.
::加速。
::移动对象的动能取决于其质量和体积、速度、距离、加速度。 -
volume.
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The bowling ball in the
Figure
is whizzing down the bowling lane at 4.0 m/s. If the mass of the bowling ball is 7.0 kg, what is its kinetic energy?
::图中的保龄球正在以4.0米/秒的速度沿保龄球道旋转。如果保龄球的质量是7.0公斤,那么它的动能是什么?
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Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of moving matter. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy.