象凤凰一样的原生主义者

What grows just about anywhere there is decaying material?
::哪里有腐烂的物质 哪里生长着什么?

Imagine, one day you come across this strange log. What is that weird yellow goop, you ask? It’s a , and it’s eating a dead log! Slime molds are fungus-like , and much like , they primarily eat decaying matter..
::想象一下,有一天你碰到了这个奇怪的圆木。你问那个奇怪的黄瓜是什么?这是一个,它正在吃枯木!石灰模像真菌,而且非常像,它们主要吃腐烂物质。

Fungus-Like Protists
::象凤凰一样的原生主义者

Fungus-like protists are absorptive feeders that feed on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi, and they reproduce with spores as fungi do. However, in other ways, they are quite different from fungi and more like other protists. For example, they have cell walls made of cellulose , whereas fungi have cell walls made of chitin . Like other protists, they have complicated life cycles with both asexual and . They are motile during some stages of their . Two major types of fungus-like protists are slime molds and molds.
::类似Fungus的蛋白质是食用腐烂有机物的吸收饲料,它们类似真菌,它们像真菌一样以螺旋状菌繁殖。然而,在其他方面,它们与真菌和其他原生生物有很大不同。例如,它们用纤维素制成的细胞壁,而真菌则用素制成的细胞壁。与其他原生生物一样,它们使生命周期复杂化,既有无性生物,也有非性生物。在它们的某些阶段,它们具有运动力。两种主要类真菌类的原生生物是粘粘的模具和模具。

Slime Molds
::石灰模

Slime molds are fungus-like protists commonly found on rotting logs and compost. They move very slowly in search of decaying matter to eat. When food is scarce, individual swarm together to form a blob-like mass, like the “dog vomit” slime mold in the Figure  . The mass glides along on its own secretions, engulfing decaying organic matter as it moves over it.
::石灰模型是腐烂原木和堆肥中常见的类似真菌的先质。 它们为寻找腐烂物质而缓慢地移动以进食。 当食物稀缺时, 个体聚集在一起形成像“ 狗呕吐物” 泥浆模型一样的浮质。 质量滑翔在自己的分泌中,随着腐烂有机物质的移动而吞没。

There are two types of slime molds, which are distinguished by how they behave when they swarm: acellular and cellular.
::粘液模具有两种类型,其区别在于它们聚集时的行为方式:细胞型和细胞型。

播放段落
• When acellular slime molds swarm, their individual amoeboid forms fuse together to form a single cell with many inside it.
  ::当细胞粘土模子聚集起来时,它们的个别阿摩尔类形成引信,形成一个含有许多细胞的单细胞。
播放段落
• When cellular slime molds swarm, their individual amoeboid forms gather together but do not fuse, remaining distinct cells.
  ::当细胞粘土模具聚集成群时, 它们的单体阿mobio组成体聚集在一起, 但没有引信, 保持不同的细胞。

Cellular slime molds are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics . They may be the key to how evolved. Can you explain why?
::在分子生物学和遗传学中,细胞粘模模模型被用作模型生物。它们可能是如何进化的关键。你能解释为什么吗?

Water Molds
::水制模

Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and surface water. Many are plant that destroy crops. They infect plants such as grapes, lettuce, corn, and potatoes. Some water molds are parasites of and other .
::在潮湿的土壤和地表水中常见水模,许多是破坏作物的植物,它们感染葡萄、生菜、玉米和土豆等植物,有些水模是寄生虫,有些则是寄生虫。

Science Friday: The Road Best Traveled
::科学星期五:最佳道路旅行

A Tale of Ants, Slime Mold and the New Jersey Turnpike For most people, getting stuck in a traffic jam on the New Jersey Turnpike is a grueling lesson in futility. However, in this video by Science Friday, Simon Garnier examines our collective behavior and how relatively simple organisms organize themselves so dynamically.
::对大多数人来说,被困在新泽西岛的交通堵塞中是徒劳无益的教训。 然而,在科学周五的这段影片中,西蒙·加尼耶(Simon Garnier)审视了我们的集体行为以及相对简单的生物如何如此活跃地组织起来。

Summary
::摘要

播放段落
• Fungus-like protists are organisms that have feeding and reproductive strategies similar to fungi but do not possess characteristics that are common to all fungi.
  ::象蘑菇一样的原生生物是具有与真菌相似的喂养和生殖策略的生物,但并不具有所有真菌共有的特征。
播放段落
• Molds are absorptive feeders, found on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi and reproduce with spores as fungi do.
  ::在腐烂的有机物上发现的摩尔兹是吸收饲料,它们类似于真菌,像真菌一样以螺丝繁殖。
播放段落
• Examples of fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds.
  ::类似真菌的先质的例子包括粘液模子和水模子。

Review
::回顾

播放段落
1. How are fungus-like protists similar to fungi? What is one way they are different?
   ::象真菌的原生生物与真菌有什么相似之处?它们有什么不同呢?
播放段落
2. Why might cellular slime molds, but not acellular slime molds, be the key to how multicellular organisms evolved?
   ::为什么细胞粘膜模子,而不是细胞粘膜模子, 是多细胞生物如何进化的关键?