5.13 寻找批发零售价格、标记和销售税

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  寻找批发、标记和销售税的零售价格

  

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  From a restaurant menu, five students ordered the burger special which costs $12.95 each but includes a drink, and a dessert. The total bill included sales tax of 7% and an 18% tip . How much was the total bill?
  ::从餐厅菜单中,五名学生订购了汉堡特餐,每餐12.95美元,但包括一杯饮料和甜点。总账单包括7%的销售税和18%的小费。总账单是多少?

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  In this concept, you will learn to find retail prices given wholesale, markups and sales tax.
  ::在此概念中,您将学会找到批发、加价和销售税等零售价格。

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  Wholesale Markups and Sales Tax
  ::批发标记和销售税

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  In most things you purchase, percent is used in one way or another to calculate a final price, a discount , tax or a tip. Your understanding of this is important in making sure that you get charged the right price.
  ::在您购买的大多数物品中, 百分比以某种方式被用于计算最终价格、 折扣、 税收或小费。 您对此的理解对于确保您获得正确的价格非常重要 。

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  Let’s start by looking at wholesale prices and markups.
  ::让我们先看看批发价格和印记。

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  Most companies are in business to make a profit, and generally offer goods or services or both. Stores that sell you products like hairspray, potato chips, and video games, buy those products from other companies that make them and because they buy so many of the same products, store owners get special prices called wholesale prices . Store owners then figure out how much each piece or unit costs them and they charge you a certain amount more for each product, this is the retail price . The difference is called the gross profit . After they pay all of their other expenses, like wages, utility bills, insurance, etc., they hope to have some money left over. This is their profit .
  ::大部分公司都从事商业以盈利,一般提供商品或服务,或者两者兼而有之。 销售你产品的商店,如发盘、薯片和视频游戏,从其他制造这些产品的公司购买这些产品,并且因为购买了许多同样的产品,店主得到特殊价格,即批发价。 商店业主然后找出每件或每件价格,每件价格或每件价格,每件价格要多付一定数额,这是零售价。 差额叫做毛利润。 在他们支付了其他开支后,比如工资、水电费、保险等,他们希望留下一些钱。这就是他们的利润。

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  Companies have to study the market and their true costs in order to calculate the best price to charge to remain competitive but still make a profit. After studying the market, they decide on a markup —a percent by which they will increase the wholesale price to get the retail price.
  ::公司必须研究市场及其真实成本,以便计算最佳价格以保持竞争力但仍能获利。 在研究市场后,它们决定加价 — — 即提高批发价格以获得零售价格的百分之一。

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  Let’s look at an example.
  ::让我们举个例子。

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  Let’s suppose a company sells toothpaste. They buy the toothpaste for $1.10 per tube; this is the wholesale price. They buy a case of 200 tubes all at once. In order to make a profit, they mark the price up by 65%; this is their markup. So in order to calculate the retail price, they increase the wholesale price by 65%. What will the retail price be?
  ::假设一家公司出售牙膏。 他们以每管1.10美元的价格购买牙膏;这是批发价。 他们一次购买200个管子。 为了盈利,他们将价格提高65 % ; 这是他们的加价。 因此,为了计算零售价,他们将批发价提高65 % 。 零售价将是什么?

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  First, multiply the wholesale price by the percent increase. Remember that percent means the denominator is 100.
  ::首先,将批发价格乘以百分率增长。记住百分比意味着分母为100。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}1.10\times \frac{65}{100}& =& \frac{71.5}{100}\\ & =& 0.715\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the amount of increase to the original price.
  ::接下来,加上原价的增加额。

  $$\begin{array}{r}1.10+0.715=1.815\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 1.815.
  ::答案是1.815

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  The retail price of the toothpaste is $1.82.
  ::牙膏的零售价为1.82美元。

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  On most products that you purchase, stores also charge you a sales tax that is a percent increase determined by the government. This money is paid to the government so that they can provide services to the people.
  ::在您购买的大多数产品上,商店也向您征收销售税,即由政府决定的百分之一的提高。这笔钱付给政府,以便他们能为人民提供服务。

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  Let’s look at an example.
  ::让我们举个例子。

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  The cost of a dozen roses is $33 plus tax. Let’s suppose there is a tax of 6%. What is the total price?
  ::一打玫瑰花的成本是33美元加税。 让我们假设有6 % 的税。 总价格是多少?

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  First, multiply the cost by the percent of the sales tax. Remember that percent means the denominator is 100.
  ::首先,将成本乘以销售税的百分率。记住,百分比意味着分母为100。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}33\times \frac{6}{100}& =& \frac{198}{100}\\ & =& 1.98\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the sales tax to the original price.
  ::接下来,在原价中加上销售税。

  $$\begin{array}{r}33+1.98=34.98\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 34.98.
  ::答案是34.98

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  The total cost of the roses is $34.98.
  ::玫瑰花的总费用为34.98美元。

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  Examples
  ::实例

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  Example 1
  ::例1

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  Earlier, you were given a problem about  those hungry students.
  ::早些时候,你被问及 那些饥饿的学生。

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  Each student ordered the special, which costs $12.95. There was also sales tax of 7% and a tip of 18%.
  ::每个学生都订购特别餐,费用为12.95美元,还有7%的销售税和18%的销售税。

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  First, find the total bill before taxes and tip for the 5 students.
  ::首先,在税收和小费之前 找到5个学生的全部法案

  $$\begin{array}{r}12.95\times 5=64.75\end{array}$$

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  Next, multiply the total price by the sales tax.
  ::接下来,将总价格乘以销售税。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}64.75\times \frac{7}{100}& =& \frac{453.25}{100}\\ & =& 4.5325\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, multiply the total price by the percent tip.
  ::接下来,将总价格乘以百分比小费。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}64.75\times \frac{18}{100}& =& \frac{1165.5}{100}\\ & =& 11.655\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the tip and sales tax to the original price.
  ::接下来,在原价中加上小费和销售税。

  $$\begin{array}{r}64.75+4.5325+11.655=80.9375\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 80.9375.
  ::答案是80.9375

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  The total cost of the meal is $80.94.
  ::饭费总额为80.94美元。

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  Example 2
  ::例2

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  A florist gets a dozen roses for $15. They charge a markup of 120%. What is the retail price of a dozen roses?
  ::花店收一打玫瑰15美元,加价120%。一打玫瑰的零售价是多少?

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  First, multiply the wholesale price by the percent increase. Remember that percent means the denominator is 100.
  ::首先,将批发价格乘以百分率增长。记住百分比意味着分母为100。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}15\times \frac{120}{100}& =& \frac{1800}{100}\\ & =& 18\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the amount of increase to the original price.
  ::接下来,加上原价的增加额。

  $$\begin{array}{r}15+18=33\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 33.
  ::答案是33岁

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  The total cost of the roses is $33.
  ::这些玫瑰的总费用为33美元。

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  Example 3
  ::例3

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  Find the total price for $4.99 with a 5% sales tax.
  ::以5%的销售税来计算4.99美元的总价格。

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  First, multiply the price by the sales tax.
  ::首先,将价格乘以销售税。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}4.99\times \frac{5}{100}& =& \frac{24.95}{100}\\ & =& 0.2495\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the sales tax to the original price.
  ::接下来,在原价中加上销售税。

  $$\begin{array}{r}4.99+0.2495=5.2395\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 5.2395.
  ::答案是5.2395。

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  The total cost is $5.24.
  ::总费用为5.24美元。

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  Example 4
  ::例4

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  Find the total price for $25.65 with a 15% gratuity or tip.
  ::找到总价25.65美元 加上15%的酬金或小费

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  First, multiply the price by the tip.
  ::首先,将价格乘以小费。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}25.65\times \frac{15}{100}& =& \frac{384.75}{100}\\ & =& 3.8475\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the amount of the tip to the original price.
  ::下一步,在原价中加上小费数额。

  $$\begin{array}{r}25.65+3.8475=29.4975\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 29.4975.
  ::答案是29.4975。

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  The total cost of the roses is $29.50.
  ::这些玫瑰的总费用为29.50美元。

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  Example 5
  ::例5

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  Find the total price for $345.50 with a 10% markup.
  ::找到总价345.50美元 加上10%的加价

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  First, multiply the price by the percent markup.
  ::首先,将价格乘以百分率加价。

  $$\begin{array}{r}\begin{array}{rcl}345.50\times \frac{10}{100}& =& \frac{3455}{100}\\ & =& 34.55\end{array}\end{array}$$

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  Next, add the amount of increase to the original price.
  ::接下来,加上原价的增加额。

  $$\begin{array}{r}345.50+34.55=380.05\end{array}$$

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  The answer is 380.05.
  ::答案是380.05

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  The total cost of the roses is $380.05.
  ::这些玫瑰的总费用为380.05美元。

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  Review
  ::回顾

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  Calculate the retail price given the wholesale price and percent markup.
  ::计算批发价格和百分率加价的零售价格。

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  1. Wholesale price: $6.43 markup: 38%
  ::1. 批发价格:6.43美元加价:38%

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  2. Wholesale price: $612.00 markup: 70%
  ::2. 批发价格:612.00加价:70%

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  3. Wholesale price: $.22 markup: 55%
  ::3. 批发价格:22美元加价:55%

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  Find the total cost after adding the tax.
  ::在加税后确定总成本。

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  4. Retail price: $76.50 tax: 8%
  ::4. 零售价格:76.50税:8%

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  5. Retail price: $399 tax: 4.75%
  ::5. 零售价格:399美元税:4.75%

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  6. Retail price: $8.79 tax: 7.25%
  ::6. 零售价格:8.79美元税:7.25%

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  7. Retail price: $44.56 tax: 5%
  ::7. 零售价格:44.56美元税:5%

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  8. Retail price: $345.00 tax: 11%
  ::8. 零售价格:345.00美元税:11%

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  Find the total cost after computing the wholesale price and the tax.
  ::在计算批发价格和税项后确定总成本。

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  9. wholesale price: $4.15 markup: 10% tax: 6%
  ::9. 批发价格:4.15马克加税:10%税:6%

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  10. wholesale price: $116.21 markup: 33% tax: 5.5%
  ::10. 批发价格:116.21美元 涨价:33% 税:5.5%

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  11. wholesale price: $51.55 markup: 61.3% tax: 3.75%
  ::11. 批发价格:51.55美元 增加:61.3% 税:3.75%

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  12. wholesale price: $24.25 markup: 40% tax: 6%
  ::12. 批发价格:24.25加价:40%税收:6%

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  13. wholesale price: $44.15 markup: 30% tax: 6%
  ::13. 批发价:44.15美元加税:30%税:6%

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  14. wholesale price: $125.75 markup: 50% tax: 6%
  ::14. 批发价格:125.75美元加税:50%税:6%

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  15. wholesale price: $150.00 markup: 80% tax: 6%
  ::15. 批发价: 150.00美元加税: 80% 税: 6%

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  Review (Answers)
  ::回顾(答复)

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  Click to see the answer key or go to the Table of Contents and click on the Answer Key under the 'Other Versions' option.
  ::单击可查看答题键, 或转到目录中, 单击“ 其他版本” 选项下的答题键 。

   

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  Resources
  ::资源