5.4 中继器
Section outline
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Medians
::中中In a triangle , the line segment that joins a vertex and the midpoint of the opposite side is called a median .
::在三角形中,连接顶点和对面中点的线段称为中位数。¯ L O is the median from L to the midpoint of ¯ N M .
::LO是从L到NNN中点的中位数If you draw all three medians they will intersect at one point called the centroid .
::如果你画出所有三个中位数 他们就会在一个叫做中位数的地方交叉The centroid is the “balancing point” of a triangle. This means that if you were to cut out the triangle, the centroid is its center of gravity so you could balance it there.
::中央机器人是三角形的“平衡点 ” 。 这意味着如果你切除三角形, 中央机器人就是它的重力中心, 这样你就可以平衡它。The Median Theorem states that the medians of a triangle intersect at a point called the centroid that is two-thirds of the distance from the vertices to the midpoint of the opposite sides.
::《中位理论》指出,三角形交错点的中位数称为中位数,即从脊椎到对面中点的距离的三分之二。So if G is the centroid, then:
::如果G是机器人,那么:A G = 2 3 A D , C G = 2 3 C F , E G = 2 3 B E D G = 1 3 A D , F G = 1 3 C F , B G = 1 3 B E And by substitution : D G = 1 2 A G , F G = 1 2 C G , B G = 1 2 E G
::AG=23AD, CG=23CF, EG=23BEDG=13AD, FG=13CFG=13CF, BG=13BE和替换: DG=12AG, FG=12CG, BG=12EGWhat if you were told that J , K , and L were the midpoints of the sides of △ F G H and that M was the centroid of △ F G H ? Given the length of J K , how could you find the lengths of J M and K M ?
::如果有人告诉你J、K和L是FGH两边的中点,而M是FGH的中间体呢?鉴于jK的长度,你如何找到JM和KM的长度?Examples
::实例Example 1
::例1B , D , and F are the midpoints of each side and G is the centroid. If C G = 16 , find G F and C F .
::B、D和F是双方的中点,G是中点。如果CG=16,请找到GF和CF。Use the Median Theorem.
::使用中位定理 。C G = 2 3 C F 16 = 2 3 C F C F = 24
::CG=23CFF16=23CFCF=24。Therefore, G F = 8 .
::因此,GF=8。Example 2
::例2True or false: The median bisects the side it intersects.
::真实的或假的:中位数将相交的侧面相交。This statement is true. By definition, a median intersects a side of a triangle at its midpoint. Midpoints divide segments into two equal parts.
::这个语句是真实的。 根据定义, 中位数在其中点将三角形的一面交叉。 中点将各段分隔为两个相等的部分 。Example 3
::例3I , K , and M are midpoints of the sides of △ H J L .
::我、K和M是ZHJL两边的中点If J M = 18 , find J N and N M . If H N = 14 , find N K and H K .
::如果JM=18,请找到JN和NM。如果HN=14,请找到NK和HK。Use the Median Theorem.
::使用中位定理 。J N = 2 3 ⋅ 18 = 12 . N M = J M − J N = 18 − 12 . N M = 6.
::JN=2318=12.NM=JM-JN=18-12.NM=6。14 = 2 3 ⋅ H K
::14=23HK14 ⋅ 3 2 = H K = 21 . N K is a third of 21, N K = 7 .
::1432=HK=21。NK是21的三分之一,NK=7。Example 4
::例4H is the centroid of △ A B C and D C = 5 y − 16 . Find x and y .
::H是 QABC 和 DC=5y-16. find x and y.To solve, use the Median Theorem. Set up and solve equations.
::要解析, 请使用中位定理。 设置并解析方程式 。1 2 B H = H F ⟶ B H = 2 H F H C = 2 3 D C ⟶ 3 2 H C = D C 3 x + 6 = 2 ( 2 x − 1 ) 3 2 ( 2 y + 8 ) = 5 y − 16 3 x + 6 = 4 x − 2 3 y + 12 = 5 y − 16 8 = x 28 = 2 y ⟶ 14 = y
::12BH=HF*BH=2HFHHC=23DC=23DC*32HC=DC3x+6=2(2x-1)、32(2y+8)=5y-163x+6=4x-2、3y+12=5y-168=x28=2y14=yExample 5
::例5B , D , and F are the midpoints of each side and G is the centroid. If B G = 5 , find G E and B E
::B、D和F是两边的中点,G是中点。如果BG=5,找到GE和BEUse the Median Theorem.
::使用中位定理 。B G = 1 3 B E 5 = 1 3 B E B E = 15
::BG=13BE5=13BEBE=15。Therefore, G E = 10 .
::因此,GE=10。Review
::回顾For questions 1-4, B , D , and F are the midpoints of each side and G is the centroid. Find the following lengths.
::问题14、B、D和F为每一方的中点,G为中点。请查找以下长度。-
If
C
G
=
16
, find
G
F
and
C
F
::如果CG=16, 找到GF和CF -
If
A
D
=
30
, find
A
G
and
G
D
::如果AD=30,请找到AG和GD -
If
G
F
=
x
, find
G
C
and
C
F
::如果GF=x,请见GC和CF -
If
A
G
=
9
x
and
G
D
=
5
x
−
1
, find
x
and
A
D
.
::如果 AG=9x 和 GD=5x-1, 则查找 x 和 AD 。
Multi-step Problems Find the equation of a median in the x − y plane.
::多步问题 找到 X - y 平面中中位数的方程式 。-
Plot
△
A
B
C
:
A
(
−
6
,
−
4
)
,
B
(
−
2
,
4
)
and
C
(
6
,
−
4
)
::ABC:A(-6)-4,B(-2,4)和C(6)-4 -
Find the midpoint of
¯
A
C
. Label it
D
.
::找到AC的中点 标签 D -
Find the slope of
¯
B
D
.
::找到BD的斜坡 -
Find the equation of
¯
B
D
.
::找到BD的方程式 -
Plot
△
D
E
F
:
D
(
−
1
,
5
)
,
E
(
0
,
−
1
)
,
F
(
6
,
3
)
::Plot DEF: D(-1,5), E(0,-1), F(6,3) -
Find the midpoint of
¯
E
F
. Label it
G
.
::找出EF的中点 标出G -
Find the slope of
¯
D
G
.
::找到DG的斜坡 -
Find the equation of
¯
D
G
.
::找到DG的方程式
Determine whether the following statement is true or false.
::确定以下声明是真实的还是虚假的。-
The centroid is the balancing point of a triangle.
::中央机器人是三角形的平衡点
Review (Answers)
::回顾(答复)Click to see the answer key or go to the Table of Contents and click on the Answer Key under the 'Other Versions' option.
::单击可查看答题键, 或转到目录中, 单击“ 其他版本” 选项下的答题键 。Resources
::资源 -
If
C
G
=
16
, find
G
F
and
C
F