Section outline

  • One part of a line segment measures 3 x 2 . The other part of the segment measures 2 x + 1 . What is the total length of the line segment?
    ::一条线段的一个部分是3x-2。 另一部分是2x+1。 线段的总长度是多少?

    Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
    ::添加和减减理性表达式

    Now, we will add two rational expressions where were you will have to multiply both fractions by a constant in order to get the Lowest Common Denominator or LCD. Recall how to add fractions where the denominators are not the same.
    ::现在,我们将添加两个合理的表达式, 您需要将两个分数乘以一个常数, 才能获得最低的常见分数 或 LCD 。 回顾如何在分数不同的地方添加分数 。

    4 15 + 5 18

    Find the LCD. 15 = 3 5 and 18 = 3 6 . So, they have a common factor of 3. Anytime two denominators have a common factor, it only needs to be listed once in the LCD. The LCD is therefore 3 5 6 = 90 .
    ::查找LCD. 15=35和18=36. 因此,它们有一个共同系数3。 任何时候,两个分母都有共同系数,只需在LCD上列出一次。 因此,LCD是 356=90。

    4 15 + 5 18 = 4 3 5 + 5 3 6 = 6 6 4 3 5 + 5 3 6 5 5 = 24 90 + 25 90 = 49 90

    We multiplied the first fraction by 6 6 to obtain 90 in the denominator. Recall that a number over itself is 6 ÷ 6 = 1 . Therefore, we haven’t changed the value of the fraction. We multiplied the second fraction by 5 5 . We will now apply this idea to rational expressions.
    ::我们将第一个分数乘以66 以获得分母中的 90 。 回顾一个数字本身是 66=1 。 因此,我们没有改变这个分数的值。 我们将第二个分数乘以55 。 我们现在将把这个想法应用到理性表达中 。

    Let's a dd or subtract the following rational expressions.
    ::我们加或减以下合理表达式。

    1. Add x + 5 x 2 3 x + 3 x 2 + 2 x .
      ::添加 x+5x2-3x+3x2+2x。

    First factor each denominator to find the LCD. The first denominator, factored, is x 2 3 x = x ( x 3 ) . The second denominator is x 2 + 2 x = x ( x + 2 ) . Both denominators have and x , so we only need to list it once. The LCD is x ( x 3 ) ( x + 2 ) .
    ::找到液晶体体的第一个分母。第一个分母是 x2 - 3x=x(x- 3),第二个分母是 x2+2x=x(x+2),两个分母都有和 x,所以我们只需要列出一次。LCD是 x(x-3)(x+2) 。

    x + 5 x 2 3 x + 3 x 2 + 2 x = x + 5 x ( x 3 ) + 3 x ( x + 2 )
    ::x+5x2 - 3x+3x2+2x=x+5x(x-3)+3x(x+2)

    Looking at the two denominators factored, we see that the first fraction needs to be multiplied by x + 2 x + 2 and the second fraction needs to be multiplied by x + 3 x + 3 .
    ::查看所考虑的两个分母,我们看到第一个分母需要乘以 x+2x+2,第二个分母需要乘以 x+3x+3。

    = x + 2 x + 2 x + 5 x ( x 3 ) + 3 x ( x + 2 ) x 3 x 3 = ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5 ) + 3 ( x 3 ) x ( x + 2 ) ( x 3 )

    ::=x+2x+2x+2xx+5x(x-3)+3x(x+2)xx-3x-3x=(x+2)(x+5)+3(x-3)xx(x+2)xx(x+2)x(x+2)(x-3)x(x+2)(x-3)

    At this point, we need to FOIL the first expression and distribute the 3 to the second. Lastly we need to combine like terms .
    ::此时此刻,我们需要FOIL第一种表达方式,将第三种表达方式分发到第二种,最后,我们需要将类似术语结合起来。

    = x 2 + 7 x + 10 + 3 x 9 x ( x + 2 ) ( x 3 ) = x 2 + 10 x + 1 x ( x + 2 ) ( x 3 )

    ::=x2+7x+10+3x-9x(x+2)(x-3)=x2+10x+1x(x+2)(x-3)

    The quadratic in the numerator is not factorable, so we are done.
    ::分子中的二次曲线是不可计数的,所以我们完成了。

    1. Add 4 x + 6 + x 2 3 x + 1 .
      ::添加 4x+6+x-23x+1。

    The denominators have no common factors, so the LCD will be ( x + 6 ) ( 3 x + 1 ) .
    ::这些分母没有共同的因素,所以液晶晶体将(x+6)(3x+1)。

    4 x + 6 + x 2 3 x + 1 = 3 x + 1 3 x + 1 4 x + 6 + x 2 3 x + 1 x + 6 x + 6 = 4 ( 3 x + 1 ) ( 3 x + 1 ) ( x + 6 ) + ( x 2 ) ( x + 6 ) ( 3 x + 1 ) ( x + 6 ) = 12 x + 4 + x 2 + 4 x 12 ( 3 x + 1 ) ( x + 6 ) = x 2 + 16 x 8 ( 3 x + 1 ) ( x + 6 )

    ::4x+6+6+x-23x+1=3x+13x+13x+1}4x+6+x-23x+1*4x+6x+6=4(3x+1)(3x+1)(3x+1)(x+1)(x+6)+(x-2(x+6)(3x)(3x+1)(x+1)(x+6)=12x+4+x2+x2+4x4(3x+1)(x+6)=x2+16x8(3x+1)(x+6)

    1. Subtract x 1 x 2 + 5 x + 4 x + 2 2 x 2 + 13 x + 20 .
      ::减号 x-1x2+5x+4-x+22x2+13x+20。

    To find the LCD, we need to factor the denominators.
    ::要找到液晶,我们需要考虑分母

    x 2 + 5 x + 4 = ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 ) 2 x 2 + 13 x + 20 = ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) L C D = ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 )

    ::x2+5x+4=(x+1)(x+4)(x+4)2x2+13x+20=(2x+5)(x+4)LCD=(x+1)(2x+5)(x+4)

    x 1 x 2 + 5 x + 4 x + 2 2 x 2 + 13 x + 20 = x 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 ) x + 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) = 2 x + 5 2 x + 5 x 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 ) x + 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) x + 1 x + 1 = ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) = 2 x 2 + 3 x 5 ( x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) = 2 x 2 + 3 x 5 x 2 3 x 2 ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 ) = x 2 7 ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 5 ) ( x + 4 )

    ::x - 1x2+5x+4x+4x+4x+4x+4x+2x2x2x2xx+5(x+4)=2x+52x+5x2(2x+4)=2x+52x+5x1x1(x1+1x+4)x+2+2x5(x+4x+4x+4x4x4x4x+4x4x4x+4x+4x2x+2x2x2+2x2x+5)(x1x+5)(2x+4)=2x+52x+5x+5x-2x-2x-3x-2x-3x2(x2x+5)(x2x+5)(x+2x+2x+5)(x+4)x=x2x7(x+1)(2x+5)(2x+5)(x+4)

    Examples
    ::实例

    Example 1
    ::例1

    Earlier, you were asked to find  the total length of the line segment.
    ::早些时候,有人要求你找到线段的总长度。

    We need to add the two parts of the segment to get the whole.
    ::我们需要增加这部分的两部分,以取得整个结果。

    3 x 2 + 2 x + 1
    ::3x-2+2x+1

    The denominators have no common factors, so the LCD will be ( x 2 ) ( x + 1 ) .
    ::这些分母没有共同的因素,所以液晶晶体将(x-2)(x+1)。

    3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 = x + 1 x + 1 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 x 2 x 2 = 3 ( x + 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( x 2 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) = 3 x + 3 + 2 x 4 ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) = 5 x 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 )

    ::3x-2+2x+2x+1x1=x+1x1x1x1=1x1x1x3x2+2x2x1x-2x3(x+1)(x+1)(x+1)(x1)(x-2)+(2)x-2(x-2)(x-2)(x-1)(x-2)=3x+3+2+2x4(x+1)(x-2)=5x-1(x+1)(x-2)

    Therefore, the total length of the line segment is 5 x 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) .
    ::因此,直线段的总长度为5x-1(x+1)(x-2)。

    Perform the indicated operation .
    ::执行指示的操作 。

    Example 2
    ::例2

    3 x 2 6 x + 5 x 2 x 12
    ::3x2-6x+5-x2x-12

    The LCD is 3 x ( x 6 ) .
    ::LCD为3x(x-6) 。

    3 x 2 6 x + 5 x 2 x 12 = 2 2 3 x ( x 6 ) + 5 x 2 ( x 6 ) x x = 6 + x ( 5 x ) 2 x ( x 6 ) = 6 + 5 x x 2 2 x ( x 6 ) = 1 ( x 2 5 x 6 ) 2 x ( x 6 )

    ::3x2 - 6x+5 - x2x - 6x- 6- 6x= 2x3x(x-6)+5-xx2(x-6)xxx=6x(5-xx)2x(x-6)=6+5x-x2x(x-6)x(x-6)x*1(x2-5x-6)2x(x-6)x

    We pulled a -1 out of the numerator so we can factor it.
    ::我们从分子中取出一个 -1,这样我们就可以计算出来。

    = 1 ( x 6 ) ( x + 1 ) 2 x ( x 6 ) = x 1 2 x

    ::1(x- 6)(x+1) 2x(x-6) x- 12x

    Example 3
    ::例3

    x x 2 + 4 x + 4 x 5 x 2 + 5 x + 6
    ::x2+4x+4-4-x-5x2+5x6

    The LCD is ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) .
    ::液晶显示器为(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+3)。

    x x 2 + 4 x + 4 x 5 x 2 + 5 x + 6 = x + 3 x + 3 x ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) x 5 ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) x + 2 x + 2 = x ( x + 3 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) = x 2 + 3 x ( x 2 3 x 10 ) ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x + 3 ) = x 2 + 3 x x 2 + 3 x + 10 ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x + 3 ) = 6 x + 10 ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x + 3 ) = 2 ( 3 x + 5 ) ( x + 2 ) 2 ( x + 3 )

    ::x2+4x+4x+4x-x5x2+5x6xx+3x3x3x3xxxxxxxxxxxx2+2(x+2)-x5(x+2)(x+3)(x+3)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx5(x+2)(x+2(x2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+3)(x+2)(x+2)(x+3)(x+3)(x+5)(x+3)(x+3)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)(xx)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

    Example 4
    ::例4

    2 x x 2 x 20 + x 2 9 x 2 1
    ::2xx2 - x - x - 20+x2 - 9x2 - 1

    The LCD is ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) .
    ::致死剂量为(x-5)(x+4)(x+1)(x-1)(x-1/1)。

    2 x x 2 x 20 + x 2 9 x 2 1 = ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) 2 x ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) + x 2 9 ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) = 2 x ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) + ( x 2 9 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = 2 x 3 2 x + x 4 x 3 29 x 2 + 9 x + 180 ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) = x 4 + x 3 29 x 2 + 7 x + 180 ( x 5 ) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 )

    ::2xx2-x-20+x2-9x2-1=(x+1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x+4)(x+4)+x2-9(x+1)(x+4)(x-5(x-5)(x-5)(x+4)(x-5)(x-4)(x-2)(x-5)(x-5)(x+4)(x+4)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)=2x3-2xx4(x4)-x3-x3(x5)(x+4)(x+4)(x+1)(x)(x-1)(x-1)(x)x4+1)(x4+3-292)(x)(x)(x1)(x1)(x4+3-x3-292)(x2)(x+7x)(x-5)(x-5)(x+5)(x+5)(x+4)(x+1)(x)(x-1)(x)

    Review
    ::回顾

    Find the LCD.
    ::找到液晶显示器

    1. 3 x ,   7 x
      ::3x, 7x
    2. x 2 ,   2 x 1
      ::x-2, 2x-1
    3. x 2 9 ,   x 2 x 6
      ::x2-9, x2-x-6
    4. 4 x ,   x 2 6 x
      ::4x, x2-6x
    5. x 2 4 ,   x 2 + 4 x + 4 ,   x 2 + 3 x 10
      ::x2-4, x2+4x+4, x2+3x-10

    Perform the indicated operation.
    ::执行指示的操作 。

    1. 5 3 x + x 2
      ::53x+x2
    2. x + 1 x 2 5 7 x
      ::x+1x2-57x
    3. x 5 4 x + 3 x + 2
      ::x-54x+3x+2
    4. 5 2 x + 6 + x 2 x 2 + 2 x 3
      ::52x+6+x-2x2+2x-3
    5. 4 x + 3 2 x 2 + 11 x 6 3 x 1 2 x 2 x
      ::4x+32x2+11x-6-3x-12x2-x
    6. x 3 x 2 + x 2 2 15 x 10
      ::x3x2+x-2-2-2-15x-10
    7. 3 x x 2 3 x 10 + x + 1 x 2 2 x 15 2 x 2 + 5 x + 6
      ::3xx2-3x-3x-10+x1x2-2-2x-2-15-2x2+5x6
    8. 7 + x x 2 2 x x 6 3 x 2 + 5 x x + 4 3 x 2 x 10
      ::7+xx2-2x-x-x-x-63x2+5x-x-x-43x2-x-10
    9. 3 x + 2 x 2 1 10 x 7 5 x 2 + 5 x + 3 x 1
      ::3x+2x2-1-10x-75x2+5x+3x-1
    10. x + 6 2 x 1 + 2 x 3 x + 2 5 x
      ::x+62x-1+2x3x+2-5x

    Review (Answers)
    ::回顾(答复)

    Click to see the answer key or go to the Table of Contents and click on the Answer Key under the 'Other Versions' option.
    ::单击可查看答题键, 或转到目录中, 单击“ 其他版本” 选项下的答题键 。