3.6 RNA
Section outline
-
How does your send a message?
::你是怎么发消息的?DNA is the blueprint that provides the directions on how to build all the proteins your body needs to function. However, DNA is confined to the and, therefore, isn't involved directly in the process of actually making the proteins. So how does DNA tell the rest of the cell what to do? It sends a message! The messengers consist of a special type of RNA.
::DNA是一种蓝图, 它为如何构建您身体需要的蛋白质提供方向。 但是, DNA局限于此, 因此, 它并不直接涉及蛋白质的制作过程。 那么DNA如何告诉细胞的其余部分做什么? 它发出一个信息! 送信者由一种特殊的 RNA 组成 。Three RNAs
::三个RNADNA contains the instructions to create proteins, but it does not make proteins itself. DNA is located in the nucleus, which it never leaves, while proteins are made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm . So DNA needs a messenger to bring its instructions to a ribosome located outside of the nucleus. DNA sends out a message, in the form of RNA (ribonucleic acid), describing how to make the protein.
::DNA含有创建蛋白质的指示,但并不本身就产生蛋白质。DNA位于核中,它从不离开,而蛋白质则在细胞图层的血清上制造。因此DNA需要一位送信员将其指示带给位于核外的血清体。DNA以RNA(核糖核酸)的形式发出信息,说明如何制造蛋白质。There are three types of RNA directly involved in :
::有三种类型的RNA直接参与:-
Messenger RNA
(
mRNA
) carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA is produced in the nucleus, as are all RNAs.
::送信员RNA(mRNA)将指令从核到细胞图层。 与所有RNA一样,MRNA也是在核中产生的。 -
The other two forms of RNA,
ribosomal RNA
(
rRNA
) and
transfer RNA
(
tRNA
), are involved in the process of ordering the
amino acids
to make the protein. rRNA becomes part of the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis, and tRNA brings an amino acid to the ribosome so it can be added to a growing chain during protein synthesis. There are numerous tRNAs, as each tRNA is specific for an amino acid. The amino acid actually attaches to the tRNA during this process. More about RNAs will be discussed during the
and
Concepts.
::另外两种RNA形式,即RRNA(RRNA)和RNA(tRNA),都参与了命令氨基酸制造蛋白质的过程。RRNA成为了蛋白合成场所的ROOSome的一部分,tRNA将氨基酸注入到血清中,以便在蛋白合成过程中将其添加到不断增长的链条中。由于每个tRNA都是针对氨基酸的,因此有许多tRNA(tRNA),在这个过程中,氨基酸实际上附在tRNA(tRNA)中。关于RNA(RNA)的更多内容将在“概念”和“概念”中讨论。
All three RNAs are nucleic acids , made of nucleotides , similar to DNA ( Figure ). The RNA nucleotide is different from the DNA nucleotide in the following ways:
::所有三种RNA都是核酸,由核糖核酸组成,类似于DNA(图)。-
RNA contains a different kind of sugar, called ribose.
::RNA含有一种不同的糖 叫做肋骨 -
In RNA, the base uracil (U) replaces the thymine (T) found in DNA.
::在RNA,基底极光(U)取代DNA中发现的胸腺(T)。 -
RNA is a single strand
molecule
.
::RNA是单线分子。
A comparison of DNA and RNA, with the bases of each shown. Notice that in RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
::将DNA和RNA作比较,并显示每个DNA的基数。 请注意,在RNA中,毫升代替了胸膜。Summary
::摘要-
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
::送信员RNA(MRNA)将指令从核到细胞顶板。 -
The other two forms of RNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), are involved in the process of ordering the amino acids to make proteins.
::另一种形式的RNA,即RRNA(RRNA)和RNA(tRNA)转移,参与命令氨基酸制造蛋白质的过程。 -
RNA is a nucleic acid, like DNA, but differs slightly in its structure.
::RNA是一种核酸,像DNA一样,但结构略有不同。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。-
Three types of RNA
at
(1:13)
::三种RNA(1:13)
-
What does mRNA do? Where does it do this?
::MRNA是做什么的? -
What does tRNA do? Where does it do this?
::TRNA是做什么的? -
What does rRNA do? Where does it do this?
::RRNA是做什么的? -
Describe the structure of the ribosome.
::描述肋骨结构。
Review
::回顾-
What is the role of the mRNA in the cell?
::MRNA在细胞中的角色是什么? -
Compare and contrast the composition of DNA and RNA.
::比较和比较DNA和RNA的构成。 -
What are the roles of tRNA and rRNA?
::TRNA和RRNA的作用是什么?
-
Messenger RNA
(
mRNA
) carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA is produced in the nucleus, as are all RNAs.
