Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • 翻译

    A person writes in a notebook while using a laptop, illustrating transcription.

    How does write its message?
    ::如何写出它的信息?

    The process of DNA sending a message to the cytoplasm is called transcription. Transcription means "a written copy." However, DNA can't get out a pen and write a message. It creates an mRNA molecule to carry the message.
    ::将信息发送到细胞托盘拉斯姆的 DNA 进程被称为转录 。 转录 是指“ 书面副本 ” 。 但是, DNA 无法从笔中获取信息。 它创建了一个 mRNA 分子来传递信息 。

    Transcription
    ::翻译

    DNA is located in the . Proteins are made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Remember that information in a gene is converted into mRNA , which carries the information to the ribosome. In the nucleus, mRNA is created by using the DNA in a gene as a template. A template is a model provided for others to copy.
    ::DNA位于 . 蛋白质是在细胞图拉斯姆的血清上制成的。 记住, 基因中的信息被转换成 mRNA, 将信息传送到血清中。 在核中, MRNA 是通过将DNA作为基因的模板来生成的。 模板是提供给其他人复制的模型 。

    The process of constructing an mRNA molecule from DNA is known as transcription ( Figure and Figure ). Transcription is similar to DNA replication , except in transcription, single stranded is produced instead of double stranded DNA. In transcription, only one strand of DNA is used as a template. First, the double helix of DNA unwinds and an enzyme , RNA Polymerase , builds the mRNA using the DNA as a template. The nucleotides follow basically the same base pairing rules as in DNA to form the correct sequence in the mRNA. This time, however, uracil (U) pairs with each adenine (A) in the DNA.
    ::从DNA中构建 mRNA 分子的过程被称为转录(图示和图示) 。 转录与DNA复制相似, 转录除外。 单个被困的DNA是生成的, 而不是双重被困的DNA。 在转录中, 仅使用一股DNA作为模板。 首先, DNA的双螺旋和酶RNA 聚合酶用DNA作为模板来构建 mRNA 。 核糖核酸基本上遵循与DNA相同的基底配对规则来形成 mRNA 的正确序列 。 然而, 此时, uracil (U) 和 DNA 中的每一(A) 配对 。

    For example, a DNA sequence ACGGGTAAGG will be transcribed into the mRNA sequence UGCCCAUUCC. In this manner, the information of the DNA is passed on to the mRNA. The mRNA will carry this code to the ribosomes to tell them how to make a protein.
    ::例如,DNA序列ACCGGGTAGG将被转录到 mRNA序列UGCCCAUUCC。 这样,DNA信息传递到 mRNA。 mRNA将携带这个代码给血族,告诉他们如何制造蛋白质。

    As not all genes are used in every cell , a gene must be "turned on" or expressed when the gene product is needed by the cell. Only the information in a gene that is being expressed is transcribed into an mRNA.
    ::由于并不是每个细胞都使用所有的基因,所以当细胞需要基因产品时,基因必须“转换”或表示。 只有表示的基因中的信息才会被转录到 mRNA 中。

    Gene structure showing transcription process from DNA to mRNA.
    Transcription is when RNA is created from a DNA template. Each gene (a) contains triplets of bases (b) that are transcribed into RNA (c). Every triplet in the DNA, or codon in the mRNA, encodes for a unique amino acid.
    DNA transcription process into mRNA, highlighting nucleotide sequences and RNA polymerase.
    Base-pairing ensures the accuracy of transcription. Notice how the helix must unwind for transcription to take place. The new mRNA is shown in green.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The process of constructing an mRNA molecule from DNA is known as transcription.
      ::从DNA中构建 mRNA 分子的过程被称为转录。
    • The base pairing rules ensure that the DNA code is conserved in the sequence in the mRNA.
      ::基本配对规则确保DNA代码在 mRNA 序列中被保存。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Transcription and Translation at  (6:26)

      ::6:26的翻译和翻译(6:26)
    1. How is RNA different from DNA? Do you think this difference is important? Why?
      ::RNA和DNA有什么不同?
    2. Where is the mRNA made?
      ::MRNA在哪里制造的?
    3. Where does the mRNA go after it is produced?
      ::生产后MRNA到哪里去?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the final product of transcription?
      ::转录的最后产品是什么?
    2. How does the genetic code in the DNA get passed on to the mRNA?
      ::DNA的基因密码怎么传给MRNA?
    3. What will be the mRNA sequence transcribed from a TTAAACGGCCTA template?
      ::从TTAAACGGCCTA模板转录的 mRNA 序列将是什么?