5.7 各类Archaea
章节大纲
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How can termites digest wood?
::白蚁如何消化木材?Unlike us, termites can get nutrition from wood. Mutualistic found in the gut of termites help them digest the wood. This is just one example of the many extreme environments in which archaea can thrive.
::与我们不同的是,白蚁可以从木材中获得营养。 在白蚁的肠道中发现的相互性有助于他们消化木材。这只是考古界能够繁荣发展的许多极端环境的一个例子。Types of Archaea
::类类The first archaea described could survive in extremely harsh environments in which no other organisms could survive. As a result, archaea are often distinguished by the environment in which they live.
::所描述的第一个考古区可以在极其恶劣的环境中生存,其他生物无法生存,因此,考古区往往被他们所生活的环境所区别。Halophiles
::恋童癖者The halophiles , which means "salt-loving," live in environments with high levels of salt ( Figure ). They have been identified in the Great Salt Lake in Utah and in the Dead Sea between Israel and Jordan, which have salt concentrations several times that of the oceans.
::嗜血者生活在盐量高的环境中(图 ) 。 犹他大盐湖和以色列与约旦之间的死海都发现了他们,那里的盐浓度是海洋的数倍。Halophiles, like the Halobacterium shown here, require high salt concentrations.
::像这里显示的卤化物 需要高浓度的盐Thermophiles
::嗜热药The thermophiles live in extremely hot environments. For example, they can grow in hot springs, geysers, and near volcanoes. Unlike other organisms, they can thrive in temperatures near 100°C, the boiling point of water!
::热极生物生活在极热的环境中。 比如,它们可以在温泉、喷泉和火山附近生长。 与其他生物不同,它们可以在温度接近100摄氏度(即沸水点)的温度下生长!Methanogens
::中比生素Methanogens can also live in some strange places, such as swamps and inside the guts of cows and termites. They help these break down cellulose , a tough made by plants ( Figure ). This is an example of a mutualistic relationship . Methanogens are named for their waste product, a gas called methane.
::中生素也可以生活在一些陌生的地方,如沼泽地,牛和白蚁的肠子里。它们帮助这些破解植物制造的硬性纤维素(图 ) 。 这是互相关系的一个范例。 中生素以废物产品命名,一种叫做甲烷的气体。Cows are able to digest grass with the help of the methanogens in their gut.
::牛在内脏的中度素的帮助下,能够消化草。Common Environments
::共同环境Although archaea are known for living in unusual environments, such as the Dead Sea, inside hot springs, and in the guts of cows, they also live in more common environments. For example, new research shows that archaea are abundant in the soil . They also live among the plankton in the ocean ( Figure ). Therefore, scientists are just beginning to discover some of the important roles that archaea have in the environment.
::尽管古代人以生活在非同寻常的环境中而著称,如死海、温泉和牛群中,但它们也生活在更常见的环境中。例如,新的研究表明,古代人土壤中富饶,也生活在海洋浮游生物中(图 ) 。 因此,科学家们才刚刚开始发现古代人在环境中的一些重要作用。Thermococcus gammatolerans are another type of archaea.
::热核素是另一种古代动物Summary
::摘要-
Archaea that live in salty environments are known as halophiles.
::生活在咸水环境中的Archaea被称为嗜血癖。 -
Archaea that live in extremely hot environments are called thermophiles.
::生活在极热环境中的Archaea 被称为热病。 -
Archaea that produce methane are called methanogens.
::产生甲烷的Archaea 被称为中生素。 -
Archaea are known for living in extreme environments, but they also can be found in common environments, like soil.
::Archaea以生活在极端环境中而著称,但也可以在土壤等共同环境中找到。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions below.
::使用以下资源回答下列问题。-
Archaea
at
(7:16)
::Archaea at (7:16)
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Where can archaea be found? Where were they first found?
::哪里能找到古老的古董? -
How does the cell wall of archaea differ from the common cell wall of bacteria?
::考古细胞墙与细菌共同细胞墙有何不同? -
How do the different phospholipids used by archaea allow them to withstand harsh environments?
::古代使用的不同磷素如何使他们能够承受严酷的环境? -
If you wanted to find a photosynthetic archaea where would be a good place to look? Why?
::如果你想找到一个光合的古代古代 哪里是好地方?
Review
::回顾-
Where do halophiles live?
::恋童癖者住在哪里? -
Why are some archaea classified as thermophiles?
::为什么一些古代人 被归类为嗜血药? -
What is an example of a mutualistic relationship between archaea and another organism?
::考古与另一生物之间的相互关系的例子是什么?
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Archaea that live in salty environments are known as halophiles.
