章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 原生动物

    Close-up of a Paramecium protist with cilia and orange food vacuoles.

    What can hunt prey and move, but is not an animal ?
    ::捕猎猎和移动的是什么,但不是动物?

    Some protists , like this  Paramecium , act much like animals. Notice the tiny hair-like cilia that help them move. The food vacuoles , where they digest their prey, are colored in orange.
    ::有些原生主义者,比如这只,就像动物一样。注意到帮助它们移动的细小的发状仙人掌。食物真空,在它们消化猎物的地方,以橙色染色。

    Animal-like Protists
    ::类似动物的原生者

    Animal-like protists are called protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals. Like animals, they can move, and they are heterotrophs . That means they eat things outside of themselves instead of producing their own food. Animal-like protists are very small, measuring only about 0.01–0.5mm. Animal-like protists include the flagellates , ciliates , and the sporozoans.
    ::类似动物的先天主义者被称为原生动物。 原生动物是单细胞的尤卡亚特人,与动物有共同的特征。 像动物一样,它们可以移动,它们是血化体。 这意味着它们吃自己以外的食物,而不是自己生产自己的食物。 类似动物的先天主义者非常小,只相当于0.01-0.5毫米。 类似动物的先生者包括旗状动物、硅类动物和脊髓动物。

    Different Kinds of Animal-like Protists
    ::不同种类的动物类原生者

    There are many different types of animal-like protists. They are different because they move in different ways.
    ::动物类的先质有很多种不同的类型。它们不同,因为它们以不同的方式移动。

    • Flagellates have long flagella , or tails. Flagella rotate in a propeller-like fashion, pushing the protist through its environment ( Figure ). An example of a flagellate is Trypanosoma , which causes African sleeping sickness .
      ::旗舰有长旗旗,或长尾旗。旗舰以螺旋桨式的旋转方式旋转,将先锋分子推向其环境(图 ) 。 旗舰的一个例子是催眠症,这导致了非洲的睡眠疾病。
    • Other protists have what are called transient pseudopodia , which are like temporary feet. The cell surface extends out to form feet-like structures that propel the cell forward. An example of a protist with pseudopodia is the amoeba .
      ::其他的原生者有所谓的“瞬态伪伪伪虫”,它们像临时脚。细胞表面延伸成像脚状的结构,将细胞推向前进。一个假伪虫子的原生者的例子就是阿莫伊巴。
    • The ciliates are protists that move by using cilia. Cilia are thin, very small tail-like projections that extend outward from the cell body . Cilia beat back and forth, moving the protist along. Paramecium has cilia that propel it.
      ::硅石是使用硅球运动的原生体。 硅石是细细的、非常小的尾部相似的预测,从细胞体向外延伸。 硅石前后不停地跳动,把原生体向前移动。 有推动它的硅。
    • The sporozoans are protists that produce spores , such as the toxoplasma . These protists do not move at all. The spores develop into new protists.
      ::sprorozoans 是产生螺旋状物的原生生物, 比如 TOxoplasma 。 这些原生生物根本不移动。 这些螺旋状物发展成新的原生生物。

    Various animal-like protists, including Trichomonas vaginalis and Trypanosoma gambiense, displayed.

    These flagellates all cause diseases in humans.
    ::这些凝固了人类所有疾病的根源。

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals.
      ::蛋白质是单细胞的尤卡利奥特人 与动物有共同的特性
    • Protozoa can move by flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia, or they may not move at all.
      ::Protozoa可以通过旗杆菌、西利亚菌或伪伪皮迪亚移动,或者根本无法移动。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What features describe the protozoa?
      ::原生动物的特征是什么?
    2. What are three main types of protozoa?
      ::什么是三种主要原生动物?
    3. Distinguish flagellates from ciliates.
      ::区别的旗帜 与地基。