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  • 类似Fungus的原生主义者

    A slimy, white mass on a rock surface, resembling a protist, likely a water mold.

    What's shrouding this dead ?
    ::什么是包住这个死人?

    The thin filaments growing out of this dead insect look a little like a . Also this mystery organism , like a fungus, is feeding on decaying matter. However, this is not a fungus. This organism is a type of fungus-like protist , known as water mold.
    ::这只死昆虫的细细丝丝丝看起来有点像。 还有这个神秘生物,像真菌一样, 正在食用腐烂物质。 但是,这不是真菌。 这个生物是一种类似真菌的先质, 被称为水模。

    Fungus-like Protists
    ::类似Fungus的原生主义者

    Fungus-like protists share many features with fungi. Like fungi, they are heterotrophs , meaning they must obtain food outside themselves. They also have cell walls and reproduce by forming spores , just like fungi. Fungus-like protists can develop movement like an amoeba , especially to help them reach food sources. Two major types of fungus-like protists are slime molds and water molds .
    ::蘑菇一样的先天主义者与真菌有许多共同特征。 像真菌一样,他们也是异性营养学家,这意味着他们必须自己外出获取食物。他们还有细胞墙,通过形成螺旋体(就像真菌一样 ) , 并像真菌一样通过形成螺旋体进行繁殖。 象蘑菇一样的先天主义者可以像阿莫伊巴一样发展运动,特别是帮助他们获得食物来源。 两种主要类似真菌的先天主义者是粘胶模具和水模。

    Slime Molds
    ::石灰模

    Slime molds usually measure about one or two centimeters, but a few slime molds are as big as several meters. They often have bright colors, such as a vibrant yellow ( Figure  ). Others are brown or white.
    ::石灰模量通常约为一到两厘米,但一些粘土模量与几米一样大。它们往往有亮色,如生机勃勃的黄色(图 ) 。 其他是棕色或白色。

    Stemonitis is a kind of slime mold which forms small brown bunches on the outside of rotting logs. Physarum polycephalum lives inside rotting logs and is a gooey mesh of yellow "threads" that are several centimeters long. Fuligo , sometimes called “vomit mold,” is a yellow slime mold found in decaying wood.
    ::石膜炎是一种粘粘的模子,在腐烂的原木的外面形成小块棕色的木头。 物理沙鲁姆多元石块生活在腐烂的原木中,是黄色“铁丝网”的古迹,长几厘米。 Fuligo,有时被称为“蒸发模子 ” ( vomit mold ) , 是在腐烂的木材中发现的黄粘胶模子。

    A bright yellow slime mold growing on decaying wood amidst green foliage.
    An example of a slime mold.

    Water Molds
    ::水制模

    Water molds mostly live in water or moist soil . They can be parasites of plants and animals , getting their nutrients from these organisms and also from decaying organisms. They are a common problem for farmers since they cause a variety of plant diseases. One of the most famous of these diseases was the fungus that caused the Irish potato famine in the 1800s. At this time, potatoes were the main source of food for many of the Irish people. The failure of the potato crop meant that many people in Ireland died of starvation or migrated to other countries.
    ::水的模具大多生活在水中或潮湿的土壤中,可以是植物和动物的寄生虫,从这些生物和腐烂的有机体中获取养分,是农民的一个常见问题,因为它们造成各种植物疾病,其中最著名的疾病之一是1800年代造成爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的真菌。此时,土豆是许多爱尔兰人的主要食物来源。土豆作物的歉收意味着爱尔兰许多人死于饥饿或迁移到其他国家。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on decaying matter. They are commonly found on items such as rotting logs.
      ::石灰模具是类似真菌的先质,在腐烂物质上成长为粘粘性物质,通常在腐烂原木等物品上找到。
    • Water molds are fungus-like protists present in moist soil and surface water; they live as parasites or on decaying organisms.
      ::水模是潮湿土壤和地表水中的真菌类先质;它们作为寄生虫或衰变生物生存。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • The Blob: Slime Mold at .
      ::球:斯利姆·莫尔德(Slime Mold at).
    1. Why are slime molds not classified as fungi?
      ::为什么粘液模具不归类为真菌?
    2. What does a plasmodial slime mold eat?
      ::一个模具状粘液模具吃什么?
    3. What is different about the nucleus of the single cell of the plasmodial slime mold?
      ::单细胞的细胞核有什么不同?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • John Bonner's Slime Mold Movie at (1:42)
      ::John Bonner的Slime Mold电影(1:42)
    1. What happens when you separate the cells of a slime mold?
      ::当你分离粘液模具的细胞时会怎样?
    2. Do you think this behavior represents intelligence? Why or why not?
      ::你觉得这行为代表智慧吗?
    3. Slime molds will form stalks with fruiting bodies.
      1. What happens to the cells of the stalk?
        ::跟踪的细胞会怎样?
      2. What happens to the cells of the fruiting body?
        ::果实身体的细胞会怎样?

      ::石灰模具将形成果实身体的尾部。 树叶细胞会怎么样? 果实身体的细胞会怎样?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are examples of fungus-like protists?
      ::象真菌一样的先天人的例子是什么?
    2. How do water molds get their nutrients?
      ::水模如何得到养分?