6.10 菌类分类
Section outline
-
What's growing on these oranges?
::这些橘子上长了什么?, of course! Did you know that mold is a type of ? There are many different types of fungi besides molds, however, including mushrooms . Mold and mushrooms are obviously different. So how are these fungi classified?
::当然了! 你知道霉菌是一种类型的吗?除了霉菌之外,还有多种不同的真菌类型,包括蘑菇。模菌和蘑菇显然不同。这些真菌是如何分类的?Fungi Classification
::菌类分类Scientists used to think that fungi were members of the plant kingdom . They thought this because fungi had several similarities to plants. For example:
::科学家过去认为真菌是植物王国的成员。他们认为这是因为真菌与植物有几处相似之处。例如:-
Fungi and plants have similar structures.
::菌类和植物结构相似。 -
Plants and fungi live in the same kinds of
habitats
, such as growing in
soil
.
::植物和真菌生活在同样种类的生境中,如在土壤中生长。 -
Plants and fungi
cells
both have a
cell wall
, which
animals
do not have.
::植物和真菌细胞都有一个细胞墙,动物没有。
How Fungi and Plants Differ
::菌类和植物如何不同However, there are a number of characteristics that make fungi different from plants:
::然而,有些特征使真菌不同于植物:-
Fungi cannot make their own food like plants can, since they do not have
chloroplasts
and cannot carry out
. Fungi are more like animals because they are
heterotrophs
,
as opposed to
autotrophs
, like plants, that make their own food. Fungi have to obtain their food,
nutrients
and
glucose
, from outside sources.
::菌类不能像植物那样生产自己的食物,因为它们没有叶绿板,也不能生产。 菌类更像动物,因为它们是血化营养动物,而不是像植物那样自食其果的自食其果。 菌类必须从外部获得食物、营养和葡萄糖。 -
The cell walls in many
species
of fungi contain
chitin
.
Chitin
is tough
carbohydrate
found in the shells of animals such as beetles and lobsters. The cell wall of a plant is made of
cellulose
, not chitin.
::植物的细胞壁是由纤维素而不是素构成的。 -
Unlike many plants, most fungi do not have structures, such as
xylem
and
phloem
, that transfer water and nutrients.
::与许多植物不同,大多数真菌没有传水和养分的结构,如Xylem和phloem。
The Types of Fungi
::蘑菇类型The Kingdom Fungi can be broken down into several phyla. Each phyla has some unique traits. And even within the same phyla there are many differences among the fungi. Various types of fungi are pictured below ( Table ). Notice how different each of these organisms are from one another.
::蘑菇王国可以分为几类植物。 每种植物都有某些独特的特性。 即使在相同的植物中, 菌类之间也存在许多差异。 各种菌类在下面都有图象( 表 ) 。 注意这些生物体彼此的不同。Type of Fungi Examples Molds Penicillium
::Mushrooms Morels, shiitake, cremini, oyster
::摩瑞尔、芝麻、克里米尼、牡蛎Single-celled yeasts Baker's yeast
::贝克酵母Summary
::摘要-
Fungi are no longer classified as plants.
::菌类不再被归类为植物。 -
Although fungi have cell walls like plants, the cell walls are made of chitin instead of cellulose.
::虽然真菌有植物般的细胞壁 但细胞壁是用木薯而不是纤维素做的 -
Types of fungi include molds, yeasts, and mushrooms.
::菌类包括霉菌、酵母和蘑菇。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。Explore More I
::探索更多-
The Fungi Kingdom
at
::飞生王国
-
How many of the existing fungi do scientist feel they have identified?
::有多少现有真菌 科学家觉得他们已经发现了? -
What are three general characteristics of Chrytid fungi?
::Chrytid真菌的三大特征是什么? -
Give three examples of Basidiomycetes.
::举三个巴西迪米切斯的例子。 -
What is the defining characteristic of Ascomycetes?
::Ascomycetes的决定性特征是什么? -
How are all fungi the same? How do they differ?
::真菌怎么都一样?它们有什么不同?
Explore More II
::探索更多情况二-
Asomycete Fungi
at
(5:52)
::Asomycete Fungi 电话5:52)
-
In what kind of habitats do you find Ascomycete fungi?
::你们在什么栖息地找到阿斯科梅特真菌? -
How large is their fruiting body?
::他们的果实体有多大? -
Do you think you can find Ascomycerte in marine environments? Why or why not?
::你认为你能在海洋环境中找到Ascomycerte吗?为什么或为什么? -
What characteristics do scientists use to distinguish between different species of fungi?
::科学家用什么特征来区分不同的真菌种类?
Review
::回顾-
What do plants and fungi have in common?
::植物和真菌有什么共同点? -
What are the significant differences between plants and fungi?
::植物和真菌之间有什么重大区别? -
How are fungi more like animals than plants?
::真菌比植物更像动物吗?
-
Fungi and plants have similar structures.
