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  • General

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  • 植物分类

    A variety of seeds including pumpkin, sesame, and flax seeds scattered on a surface.

    Do all plants grow from seeds ?
    ::所有的植物都是从种子中生长的吗?

    No, there are actually a few plants that do not make seeds. Whether or not a plant makes seeds is one criteria used to classify plants. How else could you distinguish between plants?
    ::不,实际上有几个植物不生产种子。一个植物是否生产种子是用来对植物进行分类的标准之一。你如何区分植物呢?

    Plant Classification
    ::植物分类

    Plants are formally divided into 12 phyla (plural for phylum), and these phyla are gathered into four groups ( Figure ). These four groups are based on the evolutionary history of significant features in plants:
    ::植物被正式分为12个植物(植物植物),这些植物分为四组(图)。这四组植物基于植物重要特征的演变历史:

    1. evolved first. They are distinct from the because they keep the embryo inside of the reproductive structure after . These plants do not have vascular tissue , xylem or phloem , to transport nutrients , water, and food. Examples include mosses , liverworts , and hornworts . Without vascular tissue, these plants do not grow very tall.
      ::这些植物没有血管组织、Xylem或phloem, 来传递养分、水和食物。例子包括苔丝、肝脏和角状动物。没有血管组织,这些植物不会长得很高。
    2. Seedless vascular plants evolved to have vascular tissue after the nonvascular plants but do not have seeds. Examples include the ferns , whisk ferns, club mosses, and horsetails . Vascular tissue allowed these plants to grow taller.
      ::无种子血管植物进化为非血管植物之后有血管组织,但没有种子。 例子包括小鹿、胡须、草苔和马尾。 血管组织允许这些植物生长更高。
    3. Gymnosperms evolved to have seeds but do not have flowers . Examples of gymnosperms include the Redwood, Fir, and Cypress trees. Gymnos means "naked" in Greek; the seeds of gymnosperms are naked, not protected by flowers.
      ::Gymnosperms进化为有种子但没有花。 体操场的例子包括红木、法尔和Cypress树。 Gymnos的意思是希腊语的“裸体 ” ; 体操场的种子是裸体的,没有鲜花的保护。
    4. Flowering plants, or , evolved to have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers. Examples of angiosperms include magnolia trees, roses, tulips, and tomatoes.
      ::花朵植物,或者说,进化成血管组织、种子和花朵。 血管活性动物的例子包括木兰树、玫瑰、郁金香和番茄。

    A grid display of various plant types: orchids, moss, redwoods, cacti, roses, cherry blossoms, ferns, and berries.

    The plant kingdom contains a diversity of organisms.
    ::植物王国包含多种生物

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Nonvascular plants were the first plants to evolve and do not have vascular tissue.
      ::非血管植物是最早进化的植物,没有血管组织。
    • Seedless vascular plants have vascular tissue but do not have seeds.
      ::无种子血管植物有血管组织,但没有种子。
    • Gymnosperms have seeds but do not have flowers.
      ::Gymnosperms有种子,但没有花。
    • Angiosperms have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers.
      ::血管膜有血管组织、种子和花朵。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    • Plant Body Systems and Classification Part 1 at (7:21)
      ::植物机体系统和分类第1部分(7:21)
    1. What plant groups are included in non-vascular plants
      ::哪些植物组系列入非血管植物组
    2. Give an example of a seedless vascular plant.
      ::举个无种子血管植物的例子
    3. What groups of plants have seeds?
      ::哪几类植物有种子?
    4. What groups of plants have fruit?
      ::哪几组植物有水果?
    5. Where do you usually find non-vascular plants? Why?
      ::你通常在哪里找到非血管植物?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What distinguishes the gymnosperms from other plants?
      ::健身房与其他植物有什么区别?
    2. What were the first types of plants to evolve?
      ::第一种植物的进化方式是什么?
    3. List the following major features of plants in the order they evolved: seeds, vascular tissue, flowers.
      ::按植物生长顺序列出下列植物的主要特征:种子、血管组织、花朵。
    4. Give two examples of seedless vascular plants.
      ::举两个无种子血管植物的例子。
    5. Give two examples of angiosperms.
      ::举两个血管增生的例子。