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  • 血管血管

    Bird eating berries from a tree branch, illustrating seed dispersal in plants.

    Why do plants make fruit ?
    ::为什么植物会生产水果?

    When this eats a berry, it also consumes the seeds contained inside. The bird may fly for many miles before digestion is complete and the seeds are excreted. This allows the plant to spread its seeds to a new location. For this reason, plants that make fruits have been very successful.
    ::当它吃果汁时,它也会消耗里面的种子。鸟儿在消化完成和种子排出之前可以飞许多英里。这样植物就可以把种子传播到新的地点。因此,生产水果的植物非常成功。

    Angiosperms
    ::血管血管

    Angiosperms , in the phylum Anthophyta , are the most successful phylum of plants. This category also contains the largest number of individual plants ( Figure ). Angiosperms evolved the structure of the flower , so they are also called the flowering plants. Angiosperms live in a variety of different environments. A water lily, an oak tree, and a barrel cactus, although different, are all angiosperms.
    ::植物植物中最成功的是植物植物中的血管膜,这一类植物中也含有数量最多的个别植物(Figure ) 。 血管膜突变了花朵的结构,因此也被称为开花植物。 血管膜生活在不同的环境中。 水利树、橡树和桶仙人掌虽然不同,但都是血管膜。

    Colorful pink tulips in a lush garden setting, representing flowering plants.

    Angiosperms are the flowering plants.
    ::血管膜是开花的植物

    The Parts of a Flower
    ::鲜花的一部分

    Even though flowers may look very different from each other, they do have some structures in common. The structures are explained in the picture below ( Figure ).
    ::尽管花朵看起来彼此之间可能大不相同,但它们确实有一些共同的结构,下文对结构作了解释(图)。

    Diagram labeling the parts of a flower, including petals, stamens, and carpels.

    A complete flower has sepals, petals, stamens, and one or more carpels.
    ::完整的花朵有花纹、花瓣、花纹和一种或多种漫画。

    • The green outside of a flower that often looks like a leaf is called the sepal ( Figure ). All of the sepals together are called the calyx , which is usually green and protects the flower before it opens.
      ::花朵外的绿色通常看起来像叶子。 树叶的绿色通常被称为树叶( 图 ) 。 所有树叶合在一起都被称为, 通常是绿色的, 并在花朵开花前保护它。
    • All of the petals ( Figure ) together are called the corolla . They are bright and colorful to attract a particular pollinator , an animal that carries pollen from one flower to another. Examples of pollinators include birds and .
      ::所有花瓣(图)合在一起被称为花瓣。 它们光亮多彩, 能够吸引特定的授粉者, 一种将花粉从一朵花带到另一朵花的动物。 授粉者的例子包括鸟类和鸟类。
    • The next structure is the stamen , consisting of the stalk-like filament that holds up the anther , or pollen sac. The pollen, which is found at the top of the stamen, is the male gametophyte .
      ::下一个结构是花粉丝结构,由支撑着蚂蚁或花粉囊的尾丝状丝状丝状丝状丝状物组成。 花粉在花粉丝顶部发现的花粉是雄性游戏植物。
    • At the very center is the carpel , which is divided into three different parts: (1) the sticky stigma , where the pollen lands, (2) the tube of the style , and (3) the large, bottom part, known as the ovary .
      ::其中心是《漫画》,它分为三个不同部分sad1) 粘糊的污名,花粉埋在其中,(2) 风格的管子,(3) 大底部,称为卵巢。

    The ovary holds the ovules , the female gametophytes. When the ovules are fertilized, the ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit.
    ::卵巢持有卵子,雌性植物素。当卵子受精时,卵子成为种子,卵子成为水果。

    A flower highlighting petals and sepal with labels.

    This image shows the difference between a petal and a sepal.
    ::此图像显示花瓣和的区别 。

    The following table summarizes the parts of the flower ( Table ).
    ::下表概括了花朵的各个部分(表)。

    Part Definition
    sepals The green outside of the flower.
    calyx All of the sepals together, or the outside of the flower.
    corolla The petals of a flower collectively.
    stamens The part of the flower that produces pollen.
    filament Stalk that holds up the anther.
    anther The structure that contains pollen in a flower.
    carpel “Female” part of the flower; includes the stigma, style, and ovary.
    stigma The part of the carpel where the pollen must land for to occur.
    style Tube that makes up part of the carpel.
    ovary Large bottom part of the carpel where the ovules are contained.
    ovules Part of the ovary that is the female gametophyte and that after fertilization becomes the seed.

    How Do Angiosperms Reproduce?
    ::血管免疫系统是如何复制的?

    Flowering plants can reproduce two different ways:
    ::鲜花植物可以以两种不同的方式繁殖:

    1. Self- pollination : Pollen falls on the stigma of the same flower. This way, a seed will be produced that can turn into a genetically identical plant.
      ::自我污染: 花粉倒在同一个花朵的污名之下。 这样一来, 种子就会生产出来, 变成一个基因相同的植物。
    2. Cross-fertilization : Pollen from one flower travels to a stigma of a flower on another plant. Pollen travels from flower to flower by wind or by animals. Flowers that are pollinated by animals such as birds, butterflies, or bees are often colorful and provide nectar, a sugary reward, for their animal pollinators.
      ::交叉授精:花粉从一朵花花流到另一棵植物的一朵花的污名;花粉从花花到花或动物的花;鸟、蝴蝶或蜜蜂等动物授粉的花往往多彩多彩,为动物授粉者提供花蜜和甘糖奖励。

    Why Are Angiosperms Important to Humans?
    ::为什么血管免疫系统对人类很重要?

    Angiosperms are important to humans in many ways, but the most significant role of angiosperms is as food. Wheat, rye, corn, and other grains are all harvested from flowering plants. Starchy foods, such as potatoes, and legumes, such as beans, are also angiosperms. And, as mentioned previously, fruits are a product of angiosperms that increase and are nutritious.
    ::血管免疫器在许多方面对人类很重要,但血管免疫器最重要的作用是食物。 小麦、黑麦、玉米和其他谷物都是从开花植物中收获的。 诸如土豆和豆豆等豆类等恒星食品也是血管免疫器。 如上所述,水果是血管免疫器的产物,它们增加并富有营养。

    There are also many non-food uses of angiosperms that are important to society. For example, cotton and other plants are used to make cloth, and hardwood trees are used for lumber.
    ::动脉瘤的许多非食品用途对社会很重要,例如,棉花和其他植物用来做布料,硬木树用来做木材。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and fruit.
      ::血管血管是植物 生产鲜花和水果
    • Angiosperms can be self-pollinated, meaning pollen falls on the stigma of the same flower, or cross-fertilized, during which pollen from one flower travels to a stigma of a flower on another plant.
      ::血管膜可以是自污染的,意思是花粉落在同一花朵的污名之下,或者是交叉受精,在此期间,花粉从一朵花流到另一棵植物上的花的污名。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    • Angiosperms: The Secrets of Flowers at (5:46)
      ::血管:花的秘秘(5:46)
    1. How many species of angiosperms exist today?
      ::今天有多少类血管血管?
    2. How many species of gymnosperm exist today?
      ::今天有多少体操物种存在?
    3. When did angiosperms become the most abundant type of plant on the planet?
      ::血管膜什么时候变成地球上 最丰富的植物类型了?
    4. When do angiosperms grow fruit?
      ::血管膜什么时候会长出水果?
    5. Where are the sex organs of angiosperms located?
      ::血管的性器官在哪里?
    6. What part of the plant becomes the fruit?
      ::植物的哪一部分变成水果呢?
    7. What is the difference between a superior and inferior ovary?
      ::上下等卵巢和下等卵巢有什么区别?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How are angiosperms like gymnosperms? How are they different?
      ::动脉瘤怎么像体操?
    2. What makes up the female part of the flower?
      ::花的雌性部分是什么成分?
    3. What part of the flower is the male gametophyte?
      ::雄性游戏植物是花的哪一部分?
    4. What is self-pollination?
      ::什么是自我污染?
    5. How does pollen travel to another plant?
      ::花粉怎么去另一个工厂?