9.9 软体体的重要性
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Where do pearls come from?
::珍珠从哪来?Pearls are highly valued as gemstones. Most gemstones come from the Earth, but pearls come from living things. They are created by , such as oysters.
::珍珠作为宝石具有很高的价值。 大部分宝石来自地球,但珍珠来自生物。它们是由牡蛎等生物质创造的。Importance of Mollusks
::Mollusks 的重要性Mollusks are important in a variety of ways; they are used as food, for decoration, in jewelry, and in scientific studies. They are even used as roadbed material and in vitamin supplements.
::Mollusks在各种方式上都很重要;它们被用作食物、装饰品、首饰和科学研究品,甚至用作路床材料和维生素补充剂。Mollusks as Food
::软食作为食物Edible of mollusks include numerous species of clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, and land snails, squid, and octopuses. Many species of mollusks, such as oysters , are farmed in order to produce more than could be found in the wild ( Figure ).
::食用软体动物包括无数种蛤、贝类、牡蛎、扇贝和陆地蜗牛、鱿鱼和章鱼。 许多软体动物,如牡蛎,被耕种是为了生产超过野生所能找到的产量(图 ) 。Oyster farm.
::牡蛎农场Today, fisheries in Europe, Japan, and the US alone produce over 1 billion pounds of oyster meat each year. Abalone (a marine gastropod mollusk), a great delicacy, can fetch up to three hundred dollars per pound. Eating mollusks is associated with a risk of food poisoning from toxins that accumulate in molluscs under certain conditions, and many countries have regulations to reduce this risk. At certain times of the year, (usually the warmer months) many species of saltwater mollusks become very poisonous due to an algal bloom known as "red tide." The mollusks filter feed on the tiny creatures (called dinoflagellates in the bloom) that produce the toxins. Eating shellfish during a red tide can cause serious illness and even death to humans.
::如今,欧洲、日本和美国的渔业每年生产超过10亿磅的牡蛎肉。 Abalone(一个海洋胃肠软体动物)是一个非常美味的产物,可以每磅取到300美元。 食用软体动物与某些条件下在软体动物体内积累的毒素的食品中毒风险有关,许多国家都有减少这种风险的法规。 在今年某些时候,(通常是更温暖的月份 ) , 许多盐水软体动物由于被称为“红潮”的藻类盛开而变得非常有毒。 软体动物过滤器向产生毒素的微小生物(即“鲜花中的金旗 ” ) 提供食物。 在红潮中吃贝类可能会造成严重疾病甚至人类死亡。Tastes in molluscan food vary tremendously from one person to the next and from culture to culture; however, when it comes to a question of survival, most mollusks are edible. Some are considered delicacies such as oysters and escargot , while others such as the clams and mussels of freshwater ponds and streams are less likely to be consumed due to taste , but none-the-less are very edible. Land-based mollusks are also eaten. France alone consumes 5 million pounds of escargot every year. Of course, some people are allergic to mollusks and need to be careful about consuming any kind of shelled .
::软体动物食物的味道因人而异,也因文化和文化而异;然而,在生存问题上,大多数软体动物都可以食用,其中一些被认为是美味,如牡蛎和食腐,而其他的如淡水池塘和溪流的蛤类和贝类则因口味而较少食用,但无一无一无一的动物非常容易食用,陆上软体动物也被吃掉,仅法国每年就消费500万磅的食腐动物。 当然,有些人对软体动物过敏,需要小心食用任何种类的炮弹。Mollusks in Decoration and Jewelry
::装饰和珠宝业Two natural products of mollusks used for decorations and jewelry are pearls and nacre . A pearl is the hard, round object produced within the mantle of a living shelled mollusk. Pearls are produced by many bivalves when a tiny particle of sand or grit is trapped between the mantle and the shell. It's as if the mollusk has a splinter. The mollusk forms a protective covering around the irritant. Most pearls used as jewelry are made by pearl oysters and freshwater mussels; most of the ones sold are cultured and not wild. Natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries.
::用于装饰和首饰的软体动物的两种天然产品是珍珠和。珍珠是活生生的软体动物的壁炉内生产的硬圆珠。当一块微小的沙粒被困在壁炉和贝壳之间时,珍珠是由许多双vals生产的。软体动物似乎有碎片。软体动物在刺激剂周围形成了一种保护。作为首饰的珍珠大多由珍珠牡蛎和淡水贝类制造;大多数出售的珍珠都是培养的,而不是野生的。天然珍珠作为宝石和美丽物品的价值已经很多世纪了。The most desirable pearls are produced by oysters and river mussels. The substance used to form the pearl covering is made from the mother of pearl material that lines the interior of the shell.
::最可取的珍珠由牡蛎和河内贝类生产,用来构成珍珠盖盖的物质由在罐壳内划线的珍珠材料的母亲制成。Mother of pearl is also known as nacre. Nacre is the iridescent inner shell layer. It can be found in buttons, watch faces, knives, guns, and jewelry. It is also used to decorate various musical instruments.
::珍珠之母也称为nacre, Nacre是白日内壳层,可以在纽扣、手表、刀、枪和首饰中找到,还用来装饰各种乐器。Mollusks in Scientific Studies
::科学研究中的软体研究Several mollusks are ideal subjects for scientific investigation of the . The giant squid has a sophisticated nervous system and a complex brain for study. The California sea slug, also called the California sea hare, is used in studies of learning and memory because it has a simple nervous system, consisting of just a few thousand large, easily identified . These neurons are responsible for a variety of learning tasks. Some slug brain studies have even allowed scientists to better understand human brains. Some octopuses and squid are incredibly smart. They are capable of learning to solve problems and do mazes.
::一些软体动物是科学研究的理想对象。巨型鱿鱼有先进的神经系统,有复杂的大脑研究。加利福尼亚海龟,又称加利福尼亚海兔,用于学习和记忆研究,因为它有简单的神经系统,只有几千个大、容易识别的神经系统。这些神经系统负责各种学习任务。有些脑部研究甚至让科学家更好地了解人类大脑。有些章鱼和鱿鱼非常聪明,能够学会解决问题和迷宫。Summary
::摘要-
Some mollusks, such as oysters and scallops, are important food sources.
::一些软体动物,如牡蛎和扇贝,是重要的食物来源。 -
Mollusks are used for decoration and are important in scientific studies.
::Mollusks用于装饰,在科学研究中很重要。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。Explore More I
::探索更多-
How Do Oysters Make Pearls -
(2:28)
::牡蛎如何制造珍珠 - (2:28)
Explore More II
::探索更多情况二-
How are pearls made?
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::珍珠如何制造?
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How are natural pearls made?
::天然珍珠是如何制造的? -
How are cultured pearls made?
::如何制造养珍珠?
Review
::回顾-
Name three mollusks that are used for food.
::列出三个用于食物的软体动物。 -
What is a pearl?
::珍珠是什么? 珍珠吗? -
What mollusks produce pearls? How are they made?
::什么软体动物生产珍珠?它们是怎样制造的呢? -
What makes the California sea slug ideal for studies of learning and memory?
::加州的海鼻 是什么让学习和记忆研究 成为理想的?
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Some mollusks, such as oysters and scallops, are important food sources.
