9.16 昆虫食品
Section outline
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How do butterflies eat?
::蝴蝶怎么吃?You might have seen butterflies searching for food on a flower before. They have long, tube-like mouthparts that can reach deep within a flower. The butterfly uses this mouth-tube to siphon nectar from the flower, as if sucking through a straw.
::你可能见过蝴蝶以前在花朵上寻找食物。它们有长长的、管状的嘴部,可以伸到花朵的深处。蝴蝶用这个嘴管从花朵中抽取花蜜,仿佛吸吸吸吸一样。Insect Food
::昆虫食品What do insets eat? Practically anything they want. There are so many different , that among all of them, no potential food is safe. Lots of insects eat plants, some insects eat other insects, and some even drink . Many insects eat nectar from plants. And some insects will eat whatever scraps of food you leave lying around.
::许多昆虫吃植物,有些昆虫吃其他昆虫,有些甚至喝酒。许多昆虫吃植物的花蜜。有些昆虫会吃你留下的零食。A few insects, such as mayflies and some moths, never eat. That’s because their lives are over in just a few hours or days. Once these insects become adults, they lay eggs , and then die. On the other hand, some insects are very healthy eaters. A silkworm eats enough leaves to increase its weight more than 4,000 times in just 56 days, as the silkworm increases in size about 10,000 times since birth. A locust eats its own weight in plants every day. Just imagine eating your own weight in food every day. You probably couldn't. You would most likely get very sick even if you tried.
::少数昆虫,如苍蝇和飞蛾,从不吃东西。这是因为它们的生命在短短几个小时或几天内就结束了。一旦这些昆虫长大成人,它们就产卵,然后死亡。另一方面,有些昆虫是非常健康的食虫。只要56天,一只丝虫就吃足够的叶子来增加其体重4000倍以上,因为丝虫自出生以来的体积大约增加了10 000次。蝗虫每天都在植物中吃自己的体重。想象一下每天吃自己的食物重量。你可能做不到。即使你尝试,你也可能生病。How do Insects Eat?
::昆虫怎么吃?Insects eat in many different ways and they eat a huge range of foods. Around half are plant-eaters, feeding on leaves, , seeds , nectar, or wood. Aphids and leafhoppers suck up the sap from plants. Praying mantises are predators , hunting other small creatures, including insects like moths, caterpillars, flies, beetles, and spiders. Insects like mosquitoes and aphids have special mouthparts that help them pierce and suck. Others, like assassin bugs ( Figure ) and certain of female mosquitoes, eat other insects. Fleas and lice are parasites , eating the flesh or blood of larger without killing them.
::昆虫以多种不同的方式食用,它们吃各种各样的食物。大约一半是植物食人者,靠叶子、种子、花蜜或木头食用。虫和叶片吸食植物的粪便。祈祷的蚂蚁是掠食动物,猎杀其他小动物,包括飞蛾、毛虫、苍蝇、甲虫和蜘蛛等昆虫。蚊子和虫子等昆虫有特殊的口袋,可以帮助它们穿透和吸食。其他人,如刺虫(Figure ) 和某些雌蚊子,吃其他昆虫。和虱子是寄生虫,吃大肉或大血,而不杀死它们。Insects have different types of appendages (arms and legs) adapted for capturing and feeding on prey . They also have special that help them detect prey. Furthermore, insects have a wide range of mouthparts used for feeding.
::昆虫有不同种类的附属物(武器和腿),适合捕食和喂食猎物,它们也具有有助于探测猎物的特殊性,此外,昆虫有多种用于喂食的口袋。An assassin bug feasts on a beetle.
::刺客小虫在甲虫上盛宴Examples of chewing insects include dragonflies, grasshoppers, and beetles. These insects use one pair of jaws to bite off bits of food and grind them down. Another pair of jaws helps to push the food down the throat. Some larvae also have chewing mouthparts, as in the caterpillar stages of moths and butterflies ( Figure ).
::咀嚼昆虫的例子包括虫、虫和甲虫。这些昆虫用一对下巴咬断食物碎片并将其碾碎。另一对下巴有助于将食物推入喉咙。有些幼虫也有咀嚼嘴部,如飞蛾和蝴蝶的毛虫阶段(图 ) 。Caterpillar feeding on a host plant.
::在宿主植物上喂食毛虫Some insects use siphoning, as if sucking through a straw, like moths and butterflies. This long mouth-tube that they use to suck up the nectar of the flower is called a proboscis . Some moths, however, have no mouthparts at all. Some insects obtain food by sponging , like the housefly. Sponging means that the mouthpart can absorb liquid food and send it to the esophagus . The housefly is able to eat solid food by releasing saliva and dabbing it over the food. As the saliva dissolves the food, the sponging mouthpart absorbs the liquid food.
::有些昆虫使用抽吸方法,好像吸吸吸吸吸草一样,比如飞蛾和蝴蝶。它们用来吸吸花蜜的长嘴管叫做probiscis。但是,有些飞蛾根本没有嘴部。有些昆虫像家禽一样通过海绵来获取食物。海绵意味着嘴部可以吸收液体食物并将其送到食道中去。户外能够通过释放唾液和在食物上浸泡来吃固体食物。随着唾液溶解食物,嘴部吸收液体食物。Method Description Examples Piercing-sucking Used to penetrate solid tissue and then suck up liquid food Cicadas, aphids, sucking lice, stable flies, mosquitoes Sponging Used to and suck liquids House fly, blow fly Chewing Used for biting and grinding solid foods Dragonflies, termites, beetles, ants, cockroaches, grasshoppers, crickets, caterpillars Siphoning Used to suck liquids Bees Summary
::摘要-
Some insects, such as aphids, have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Other insects, like grasshoppers, have chewing mouthparts.
::有些昆虫,例如虫子,有穿孔的嘴部,其他昆虫,例如,有咀嚼的嘴部。 -
Insects can have specialized mouthparts, such as a proboscis, to siphon the nectar from a flower.
::昆虫可以有特殊的口腔部位,如proboscis,从花朵中抽取花蜜。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。Explore More I
::探索更多-
Bug Mouthparts
at Museum Victoria:
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::维多利亚博物馆的虫嘴:
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Describe a honeybee's mouthparts.
::描述蜜蜂的嘴部 -
Describe the process of sponging.
::描述海绵的过程。 -
How do the mouthparts of cockroaches differ from the mouthparts of butterflies?
::蟑螂的嘴部与蝴蝶的嘴部有何不同? -
What do the design of insect mouthparts tell us about their lifestyles?
::昆虫嘴部的设计告诉我们 他们的生活方式是什么?
Explore More II
::探索更多情况二-
Ants that Farm, Compost, and Weed
at
(2:23)
::蚂蚁,农场, 复合,和杂草 在(2: 23)
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What do these ants do with the plants they gather?
::这些蚂蚁怎么处理它们收集的植物? -
What would happen to the ants' "crop" if the ants in a colony were to all die?
::如果蚁群中的蚂蚁都死了 蚂蚁的"作物"会怎么样? -
What tool do the ants have to try to control "pest" fungi?
::蚂蚁用什么工具来控制"虫害"真菌?
Review
::回顾-
How do butterflies obtain their food?
::蝴蝶如何获得食物? -
What do fleas and lice eat?
::跳蚤和虱子吃什么? -
What is sponging? Explain how insects use sponging to obtain their food.
::什么是海绵?解释昆虫如何使用海绵来获取食物。 -
What is meant by the piercing-sucking method of eating?
::穿透式的饮食方法意味着什么?
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Some insects, such as aphids, have piercing-sucking mouthparts. Other insects, like grasshoppers, have chewing mouthparts.
