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  • 骨鱼

    Skeleton of a bony fish, highlighting structure and support functions of bones.

    Can have ?
    ::可以吗?

    Of course. Many fish have bones. They serve the same function as our bones: protection and support. Notice how the skeleton protects the fish's brain . Also, notice the bones along the body of the fish would allow to attach to aid in movement.
    ::当然,许多鱼有骨头,它们的作用与我们的骨头一样:保护和支持。注意骨骼如何保护鱼的大脑。同时,注意鱼体的骨骼可以用来帮助行动。

    Bony Fish
    ::骨鱼

    There are about 27,000 of bony fish ( Figure ), which are divided into two classes: ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish . Most bony fish are ray-finned. These thin fins consist of webs of skin over flexible spines. Lobe-finned fish, on the other hand, have fins that resemble stump-like appendages .
    ::有大约27 000条卷骨鱼(图),分为两类:射线鱼和叶鳍鱼。大多数卷骨鱼都是射线鱼。这些细鳍由柔性脊椎上的皮肤网组成。另一类是长鳍鱼,其鳍与树桩一样。

    Comparison of ray-finned fish on the left and lobe-finned fish on the right.

    Fins of bony fish: ray fin (left) and lobe fin (right).
    ::鱼的鳍:射线鳍(左)和叶鳍(右)。

    Characteristics of Bony Fish
    ::野鱼的特性

    Most fish are bony fish, making them the largest group of vertebrates in existence today. They are characterized by:
    ::多数鱼类是皮质鱼,成为当今最大的脊椎动物群。

    1. A head and pectoral girdles (arches supporting the forelimbs) that are covered with bones derived from the skin.
      ::头部和头部和头部(支撑前额骨的石块),上面盖有皮肤产生的骨头。
    2. A lung or swim bladder , which helps the body create a balance between sinking and floating by either filling up with or emitting gases such as oxygen. Controlling the volume of this organ helps fish control their depth.
      ::肺膀胱或游泳膀胱能帮助身体在沉没和漂浮之间取得平衡,通过填充或排放氧气等气体。控制这种器官的体积有助于鱼类控制其深度。
    3. Jointed, segmented rods supporting the fins.
      ::支撑鱼鳍的条状条状棒
    4. A cover over the gill called the operculum , which helps them breathe without having to swim.
      ::盖在刺上称为阴道的盖子上,可以帮助他们呼吸,而不必游泳。
    5. The ability to see in color, unlike most other fish.
      ::与大多数其它鱼不同,能看得见颜色

    Ray-finned Fish
    ::红鳍鱼

    Most vertebrates are ray-finned fish, with close to 27,000 known species. By comparison, there are "only" about 10,000 species of . The ray-finned fish have fin rays, with fins supported by bony spines known as rays. The ray-finned fish are the dominant class of vertebrates, with nearly 99% of fish falling into this category. They live in all environments, from freshwater and environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams.
    ::大部分脊椎动物都是被射线捕获的鱼类,有近27 000种已知物种。相比之下,“只有”大约10 000种。被射线捕获的鱼类有鳍,有鳍,有被称为射线的圆鳍支撑。被射线捕获的鱼类是脊椎动物的主导类别,近99%的鱼类属于这一类别,它们生活在从深海到最高的山溪的所有环境中,从淡水和环境到最高的淡水和环境。

    Lobe-finned fish
    ::露鳍鱼

    The lobe-finned fish are characterized by fleshy lobed fins, as opposed to the bony fins of the ray-finned fish. There are two types of living lobe-finned fish: the coelacanths and the lungfish . The pectoral and pelvic fins have resembling those of tetrapod (four-limbed land vertebrates) limbs. These fins evolved into legs of , the first tetrapod land vertebrates. They also possess two dorsal fins with separate bases, as opposed to the single dorsal fin of ray-finned fish. All lobe-finned fishes possess teeth covered with true enamel. The lungfish also possess both gills and lungs, solidifying this class as the ancestors of amphibians.
    ::白鳍鱼的特征是有肉的圆鳍,而不是有射线的鱼的结鳍;有两种活的白鳍鱼:鱼和肺鱼;结骨和骨盆鳍的形状与四肢(四片地脊椎动物)的形状相似;这些鳍演变成第一块四肢地脊椎动物的腿;它们还拥有两根有不同基底的圆鳍,而不是光鳍鱼的单一圆鳍;所有白鳍鱼都拥有有真正的牙覆盖的牙齿;肺鱼也同时拥有和肺,使这一类动物成为两栖动物的祖先。

    How Big Are Bony Fish?
    ::野马鱼有多大?

    The ocean sunfish is the most massive bony fish in the world, up to 11 feet long and weighing up to 5,070 pounds ( Figure ). Other very large bony fish include the Atlantic blue marlin, the black marlin, some sturgeon species, the giant grouper, and the goliath grouper. The long-bodied oarfish can easily be over 30 feet long, but is not nearly as massive as the ocean sunfish. In contrast, the dwarf pygmy goby measures only 0.6 inches. Fish can also be quite valuable. In January 2013, at an auction in Tokyo's Tsukiji fish market, a 222-kilogram (489-pound) tuna caught off northeastern Japan sold for 155.4 million yen, which is $1,760,000.
    ::远洋太阳鱼是世界上规模最大、长达11英尺、重达5 070磅(Figure ) 的鱼。其他非常大型的鱼包括大西洋蓝马林、黑马林、一些外科物种、巨型群鱼和歌利亚群鱼。长壳鱼可能很容易长30英尺以上,但并不象海洋太阳鱼那么大。相反,矮小俾格米鹅只测量0.6英寸。鱼也相当有价值。 2013年1月,在东京津治鱼市场的拍卖会上,日本东北部捕捞的222公斤金枪鱼(489磅)出售1.554亿日元,即1 760 000美元。

    Ocean sunfish swimming underwater, showcasing its large, flat body and unique shape.

    An ocean sunfish, the most massive bony fish in the world, can reach up to 11 feet long and weigh up to 5,070 pounds!
    ::海洋太阳鱼是世界上最大型的鱼 能够达到11英尺长 体重5 070磅

    Science : Oarfish: The Ultimate Fish Tale
    ::科学: 箭鱼:终极鱼的故事

    Thought to the be inspiration of "sea serpent" stories, the monstrously-long Oarfish provokes wonder in nearly all that witness it. In this video by Science Friday , Professor Misty Paig-Tran provides us with insights into this real-life "sea monster's" unusual physiology .
    ::“海蛇”的故事启发了我们,这条令人发指的乌鸦在几乎所有见证者身上都引起了惊奇。 在科学周五的这段视频中,米斯蒂·派格-特兰教授为我们提供了对这个真实的“海怪”不寻常生理学的深刻认识。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The bony fish are divided into two classes: ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish.
      ::鱼分为两类:射线鳍鱼和叶鳍鳍鱼。
    • The bony fish are characterized by a lung or swim bladder, a cover over the gills, and bones covering the head and pectoral girdles.
      ::毛骨悚然的鱼的特点是肺部或游泳膀胱, 盖在上, 骨头盖在头部和骨架上。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resources below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    Explore More I
    ::探索更多

    • Bony Fish (Perch) Anatomy at (5:55)
      ::Bony Fish(烧鱼)解剖(5:55)
    1. What is one of the purposes of the operculum?
      ::剧本的目的是什么?
    2. What is the lateral line used for? Where is it located?
      ::横向线用于什么? 它在哪里?
    3. Not all fish have swim bladders, but, for those who do, what are they used for? Why do you think some fish don't have swim bladders?
      ::不是所有的鱼都有游泳囊,但是,对于那些做鱼的人来说,它们用来做什么?为什么有些鱼没有游泳囊?

    Explore More II
    ::探索更多情况二

    • Pregnant Males at (2:25)
      ::怀孕男性(2:25)
    1. What type of fish is a seahorse?
      ::海马是什么样的鱼?
    2. What is unusual about seahorse reproduction?
      ::海马繁殖有什么不寻常的?
    3. How wide is a seahorse's field of vision? How is it so wide?
      ::海马的视野有多大?
    4. What do seahorses feed on?
      ::海马吃什么?

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the largest group of vertebrates in existence today?
      ::今天最大的脊椎动物群体是什么?
    2. Name three characteristics of the bony fish?
      ::说明这只果冻鱼的三个特征?
    3. What are the two classes of the bony fish?
      ::那两类的鱼是哪类的?
    4. What is the swim bladder?
      ::什么是游泳膀胱?
    5. What is the operculum?
      ::什么是阴道?