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  • 室内空气污染

    Person painting a wall orange with a roller, focused on indoor safety during the process.

    How do you paint safely?
    ::你是怎么安全地画画的?

    If you are painting indoors, there are more important concerns than just getting messy. You should also be concerned about in the fumes from the paints. Making sure to get plenty of fresh air while painting is very important. Paint fumes can have serious health effects. Paint fumes are just one example of indoor air pollution.
    ::如果您在室内画画, 更值得关注的不仅仅是混乱。 您也应该关注油漆中的烟雾。 在绘画非常重要的时候确保有足够的新鲜空气。 油漆烟雾可能会对健康产生严重的影响。 油漆烟雾只是室内空气污染的一个例子。

    Indoor Air Pollution
    ::室内空气污染

    Recall that is due to chemical substances and particles released into the air mainly by human actions. When most people think of air pollution, they think of the pollution outdoors. But it is just as easy to have indoor air pollution. Your home or school classroom probably doesn't get much fresh air. Sealing up your home reduces heating and cooling costs. But this also causes air pollution to stay trapped indoors. And people today usually spend a majority of their time indoors. So exposure to indoor air pollution can become a significant health risk.
    ::这是因为化学物质和微粒主要通过人类行动释放到空气中。 当大多数人想到空气污染时, 他们想到户外的污染。 但同样容易发生室内空气污染。 您的家或学校教室可能没有太多新鲜空气。 封住你的家可以减少取暖和冷却成本。 但这也会造成空气污染, 困在室内。 而今天人们通常大部分时间都花在室内。 因此, 室内空气污染可能会对健康造成很大危害。

    Indoor air pollutants include both chemical and biological pollutants. Chemical pollutants include the following:
    ::室内空气污染物包括化学和生物污染物,化学污染物包括:

    • Radon , a radioactive gas released from the Earth in certain locations. It can become trapped inside buildings and increase your risk of .
      ::,一种从地球释放出来的放射性气体 在某些地方。它可能会被困在建筑物内, 增加风险。
    • Formaldehyde , a toxic gas emitted from building materials, such as carpeting and plywood.
      ::甲醛,一种源自建筑材料的有毒气体,如地毯和胶合板。
    • Volatile (VOCs), which are given off by paint and solvents as they dry. They can cause cause long-term health effects.
      ::挥发性(VOCs),在干燥时由油漆和溶剂释放,可能造成长期健康影响。
    • Secondhand smoke , which comes from breathing the smoke release from tobacco products. Secondhand smoke is also the smoke exhaled by a cigarette smoker. This smoke is extremely dangerous to human health.
      ::二手烟来自吸入烟草制品释放的烟雾,二手烟也是吸烟者吸入的烟雾,对人体健康极为危险。
    • Carbon monoxide (CO), a toxic gas released by burning fossil fuels . It is often released indoors by faulty chimneys, gas-powered generators, or burning charcoal; it can be extremely dangerous.
      ::一氧化碳(CO)是燃烧化石燃料释放的有毒气体,通常由故障烟囱、燃气发电机或燃烧木炭在室内释放,极危险。
    • Dry cleaning fluids, such as tetrachloroethylene, which can be released from clothing days after dry cleaning.
      ::干洗液,如四氯乙烯,可在干洗后的衣服中释放出来。
    • The past use of asbestos in factories and in homes. Asbestos is a very dangerous material, and it was used in many buildings ( Figure ). Asbestos can cause cancer and other lung diseases. The use of asbestos is not allowed today.
      ::石棉过去在工厂和家中使用过石棉,石棉是一种非常危险的材料,许多建筑物都使用过(图......)石棉,石棉可能造成癌症和其他肺病,今天不允许使用石棉。

    Old industrial setting showing pipes, possibly associated with asbestos use in construction.

    The use of asbestos in industry and domestic environments in the past, as in the asbestos-covered pipes in the oil-refining plant pictured here, has left a potentially very dangerous material in many businesses.
    ::过去在工业和国内环境中使用石棉的情况,如在此处描绘的炼油厂中石棉覆盖的管道中,在许多企业中留下了一种可能非常危险的材料。

    Biological sources of air pollution are also found indoors. These are produced from:
    ::室内还发现了空气污染的生物来源,这些来源来自:

    • Pet dander.
      ::宠物达德。
    • Dust from tiny skin flakes and decomposed hair.
      ::粉尘来自细细的皮肤片和腐烂的头发
    • Dust mites.
      ::尘土墨物。
    • from walls, ceilings, and other structures.
      ::隔墙、天花板和其他建筑。
    • Air conditioning systems that can incubate certain and mold.
      ::空气调节系统可以孵化 某些和模具。
    • Pollen , dust, and mold from houseplants, soil , and surrounding gardens.
      ::花粉,尘土,和霉菌 从家庭植物,土壤, 和周围的花园。

    Limiting Exposure
    ::限制接触

    Can you avoid indoor air pollution? You can't go to school outside. But it is possible to reduce your exposure to air pollution. Some tips to decrease your exposure to indoor air pollution include:
    ::可以避免室内空气污染吗?你不能去外面上学。但可以减少空气污染。一些可以减少室内空气污染的提示包括:

    • Using less toxic chemicals when possible.
      ::在可能的情况下使用毒性较低的化学品。
    • Limiting your exposure to pesticides and cleaning fluids by keeping them in a garage or shed.
      ::限制接触农药和清洁液,将其存放在车库或棚子里。
    • When using toxic chemicals, allowing fresh air to circulate through open windows and doors.
      ::当使用有毒化学品时,允许新鲜空气通过打开的窗户和门流通。
    • Having detectors for radon and carbon monoxide in your home.
      ::家里有和一氧化碳的探测器

    What else could you do to reduce your exposure to air pollution?
    ::你还能做些什么来减少受到空气污染的风险?

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Sources of indoor air pollution can include radon gas, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compound (VOCs).
      ::室内空气污染的来源可包括气、一氧化碳和挥发性有机化合物。
    • Biological sources of air pollution include molds, pollen, and pet dander.
      ::空气污染的生物源包括霉菌、花粉和宠物达德。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    • Indoor Air Quality Investigation at (4:52)
      ::室内空气质量调查(4:52)
    1. How does the way most Americans spend their time make indoor air quality a pertinent health concern? What other countries do you think share this problem?
      ::大部分美国人花时间如何把室内空气质量当作一个相关的健康问题? 你认为其他哪些国家也有同样的问题?
    2. What are the four "Ps" in indoor air quality investigations? How does this information help solve problems with indoor air quality?
      ::室内空气质量调查中的四个“P”是什么?这些信息如何帮助解决室内空气质量问题?
    3. Give three examples of pollutant sources.
      ::举三个污染物来源的例子。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are three sources of indoor air pollution?
      ::什么是室内空气污染的三种来源?
    2. List two things you could do to minimize your exposure indoor air pollution.
      ::列出两件事,可以尽量减少室内空气污染。