1.13 技术设计制约因素
Section outline
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Look at the colorful kites in this picture. Did you ever fly a kite? Do you think you could make one? What shape would you make it? What materials would you use? How would you design it?
::看看这张照片中的多彩风筝。 你曾经放风筝吗? 你认为你能做一个吗?你会做什么形状?你会用什么形状?你会用什么材料?你会如何设计?Constraints on Design
::对设计的限制The development of new technology—whether it’s a simple kite or a complex machine—is called technological design . The is a step-by-step approach to finding a solution to a problem. Often, the main challenge in technological design is finding a solution that works within the constraints, or limits, on the design. All technological designs have constraints.
::新技术的发展 — — 无论是简单的风筝还是复杂的机器 — — 被称为技术设计。 这是寻找问题解决方案的渐进方法。 技术设计的主要挑战往往是找到一个在设计限制或限度内可行的解决方案。 所有技术设计都有其局限性。Q: Assume you want to design a kite. What might be some constraints on your design?
::问题:假设你想设计风筝。你的设计可能受到什么限制?A: Possible constraints might include the shape and size of the kite and the materials you use to make it.
::A:可能的限制可能包括风筝的形状和大小以及你用来制造风筝的材料。Physical and Social Constraints
::物质和社会制约因素Technological design constraints may be physical or social.
::技术设计的限制可能是有形的,也可能是社会上的。-
Physical design constraints include factors such as natural laws and properties of materials. A kite, for example, will fly only if its shape allows air currents to lift it. Otherwise, gravity will keep it on the ground.
::物理设计制约包括自然法则和材料特性等因素,例如,风筝只有在风筝的形状允许气流升起时才会飞,否则,重力会将其留在地面上。 -
Social design constraints include factors such as ease of use, safety, attractiveness, and cost. For example, a kite string should be easy to unwind as the wind carries the kite higher.
::社会设计制约包括使用方便、安全、吸引力和成本等因素。 例如,风风把风铃吹得更高时风铃应该容易松开。
Weighing the Options
::权衡选项All technological designs have trade-offs because no design is perfect. For example, a design might be very good at solving a problem, but it might be too expensive to be practical. Or a design might be very attractive, but it might not be safe to use. Choosing the best design often involves weighing the pros and cons of different options and deciding which ones are most important.
::所有技术设计都有权衡,因为没有设计是完美的。 比如,设计也许非常适合解决问题,但成本可能太高,无法实际操作。 或者设计可能非常吸引人,但使用起来可能不安全。 选择最佳设计往往需要权衡不同选项的利弊,决定哪些选项最为重要。Q: What trade-offs might there be on the design of a kite?
::问题:在设计风筝时,可以作出何种权衡?A: You might want to make a big kite, but if it’s too big it might be too heavy. Then it would fly only on very windy days. Or you might want to make a kite using a certain material that you really like, but the material might cost more than you can afford to spend.
::答:你也许想做一个大风筝,但如果它太大的话,它可能太重了。 然后它只会在风天下飞。 或者你可能想用你真正喜欢的某一种材料来做风筝,但是它的成本可能比你花得起的要高。Summary
::摘要-
All technological designs have constraints, or limits, on the design.
::所有技术设计都对设计有制约或限制。 -
Physical design constraints include factors such as natural laws and properties of materials. Social design constraints include factors such as ease of use, safety, attractiveness, and cost.
::物质设计制约包括自然法则和材料特性等因素,社会设计制约包括方便使用、安全、吸引力和成本等因素。 -
All technological designs have trade-offs because no design is perfect. Choosing the best design involves weighing the pros and cons of different options.
::所有技术设计都有权衡,因为没有设计是完美的。 选择最佳设计需要权衡不同选项的利弊。
Review
::回顾-
What are technological design constraints?
::有哪些技术设计限制? -
Give examples of physical and social design constraints.
::举例说明物质和社会设计方面的制约因素。 -
Why do all technological designs have trade-offs? What is an example?
::为什么所有技术设计都有取舍?什么是例子?
Explore More
::探索更多Watch this video showing how to make a kite with a traditional design. Then answer the questions below.
::观看这段影片, 展示如何制作传统设计的风筝。 然后回答下面的问题 。-
What are some constraints on the framework of this kite design?
::这种风筝设计框架受到哪些限制? -
What are some constraints on the body of this kite design?
::这种风筝设计体有哪些限制?
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Physical design constraints include factors such as natural laws and properties of materials. A kite, for example, will fly only if its shape allows air currents to lift it. Otherwise, gravity will keep it on the ground.
