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  • 科技与科学

    Hubble's Pillars of Creation showcasing star formation in distant space.

    This incredible image was made by the Hubble space telescope. The image is called Pillars of Creation . It shows the actual formation of stars in distant space. The Hubble telescope is a very powerful telescope that orbits Earth like a satellite. Scientists placed the Hubble telescope into space so it could make clear images like this without background lights on Earth competing with the dim light from distant stars. It has led to many scientific discoveries.
    ::这一令人难以置信的图像是由哈勃空间望远镜制作的。该图像被称为“创造支柱”。它显示了远方空间恒星的实际形成。哈勃望远镜是一个非常强大的望远镜,像卫星一样环绕地球。科学家将哈勃望远镜送入太空,这样它就能清晰地展示出这样的图像,而地球上没有与远方恒星的暗光竞争的背景光。它带来了许多科学发现。

    How Technology and Science Are Related
    ::如何与技术和科学相关

    The Hubble space telescope shows that technology and science are closely related. Technology uses science to solve problems, and science uses technology to make new discoveries. However, technology and science have different goals. The goal of science is to answer questions and increase knowledge. The goal of technology is to find solutions to practical problems. Although they have different goals, science and technology work hand in hand, and each helps the other advance. Scientific knowledge is used to create new technologies such as the space telescope. New technologies often allow scientists to explore nature in new ways.
    ::哈勃空间望远镜表明,技术和科学是密切相关的。技术利用科学解决问题,而科学利用科学创造新发现。然而,技术和科学有不同的目标。科学的目标是回答问题和增加知识。技术的目标是为实际问题找到解决办法。尽管它们的目标不同,但科学和技术携手并进,相互帮助。科学知识被用来创造新技术,如空间望远镜。新技术常常允许科学家以新的方式探索自然。

    How Technology Revolutionized Science
    ::技术革命化科学如何

    The Hubble telescope was put into orbit around Earth in the 1990s, but scientists have been using telescopes to make discoveries for hundreds of years. The first telescope was invented in the early 1600s. The inventor was probably a Dutch lens maker named Hans Lippershey. He and his telescope are pictured in Figure . Lippershey used scientific knowledge of the properties of light and to design his telescope.
    ::哈勃望远镜于1990年代被送入环绕地球的轨道,但科学家们已经使用望远镜进行了数百年的发现。第一台望远镜是在1600年代初发明的。发明家可能是荷兰的透镜制造者,名叫汉斯·利普斯希。他和他的望远镜在图中都有图象。利普西利用了光特性的科学知识设计望远镜。

    Hans Lippershey using his telescope to explore distant objects near a landscape.
    Hans Lippershey is credited with making the first practical telescope in 1608. He is pictured here using his invention to view distant objects. Officials of the Dutch government recognized the importance of Lippershey’s invention. They gave him a generous sum of money for his design.

    Lippershey’s new technology quickly spread all over Europe. Almost immediately, the Italian scientist and inventor Galileo started working to improve Lippershey’s design. In just two years, Galileo had made a more powerful telescope. It could make very distant objects visible to the human eye. The Figure shows Galileo demonstrating his powerful telescope. It appears to be focused on the moon. Galileo started using his telescope to explore the night sky. He soon made some remarkable discoveries. He observed hills and valleys on the moon and spots on the sun. He discovered that Jupiter has moons and that the sun rotates on its axis. With his discoveries, Galileo was able to prove that the sun, not Earth, is at the center of the solar system. This discovery played an important role in the . It led to a scientific revolution that gave birth to modern Western science. And it all began with technology!
    ::Lippershey的新技术很快地传遍欧洲各地。 几乎很快,意大利科学家和发明家伽利略(Galileo)开始致力于改进Lipperhey的设计。就在短短的两年里,伽利略制造了一个更强大的望远镜。它可以让人类的眼睛看到非常远的物体。图显示伽利略展示了他的强大的望远镜。它似乎聚焦在月球上。伽利略开始使用他的望远镜探索夜空。他不久就做了一些了不起的发现。他观察了月球上的山丘和山谷以及太阳上的斑点。他发现木星有月亮,太阳在它的轴上旋转。由于他的发现,伽利略能够证明太阳而不是地球处于太阳系的中心。这一发现在太阳系中起到了重要的作用。它导致了科学革命,诞生了现代的西方科学。它都是从技术开始的。

    Galileo demonstrates his telescope to officials, highlighting the impact of his discoveries on science.
    Galileo is shown here presenting his telescope to government leaders. They must have been impressed. They gave him a life-long job as a university professor and doubled his salary.

    Other Examples
    ::其他实例

    There are many other examples that show how technology and science work together. Two are pictured in Figure . Another example is the microscope. It may have been invented by Galileo around the same time as the telescope. Like the invention of the telescope, the invention of the microscope also depended on scientific knowledge of light and lenses.
    ::还有许多其他的例子可以说明科技与科学是如何合作的。图中描绘了两个例子。另一个例子是显微镜。它可能是伽利略与望远镜同时发明的。与望远镜的发明一样,显微镜的发明也取决于对光和镜头的科学知识。

    Q: How do you think the invention of the microscope helped science advance?
    ::问:你认为显微镜的发明 如何帮助科学进步?

    A: The microscope let scientists view a world of tiny objects they had never seen before. It led to many important scientific discoveries, including the discovery of cells, which are the basic building blocks of all living things.
    ::A:显微镜让科学家们看到一个他们从未见过的微小物体的世界。它导致了许多重要的科学发现,包括细胞的发现,细胞是所有生物的基本构件。

    Seismometer detects earthquakes; spectrometer analyzes light properties to examine materials.
    Seismometers and spectrometers are both technological devices that led to important scientific discoveries.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Science and technology help each other advance. Scientific knowledge is used to create new technologies. New technologies often allow scientists to explore nature in different ways and make new discoveries.
      ::科学知识被用来创造新技术,新技术往往使科学家能够以不同的方式探索自然,并作出新的发现。
    • Examples of technologies that have helped science advance include the telescope and microscope.
      ::有助于科学进步的技术实例包括望远镜和显微镜。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the relationship between technology and science?
      ::技术和科学之间的关系是什么?
    2. What scientific knowledge was necessary for the invention of the telescope and microscope?
      ::发明望远镜和显微镜需要哪些科学知识?
    3. Identify a scientific discovery made possible by technology.
      ::查明技术带来的科学发现。

    Resources
    ::资源