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  • General

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  • 意 意 意 意见

    A pond covered in green scum, surrounded by trees and vegetation.

    A scientist observed this green -colored scum on a pond in her neighborhood. She wondered what the scum was and why it was there. She decided to do an investigation to find answers to her questions. Scientific investigations often result when observations like this raise questions.
    ::一位科学家在附近一个池塘上观察了这个绿色的败类。她想知道那些败类是什么,为什么在那里。她决定进行调查,以找到她的问题的答案。在这样观察时,科学调查往往会产生问题。

    What Are Observations?
    ::" 观察 " 是什么?

    An observation is any information that is gathered with the senses. Our senses include vision, hearing , touch, smell, and taste. We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, touch with our hands, smell with our nose, and taste with our tongue. We can also extend our senses and our ability to make observations by using instruments such as microscopes, telescopes, and thermometers.
    ::观察是用感官收集的任何信息。 我们的感官包括视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉和品味。 我们用眼睛看到,用耳朵听到,用手摸,用鼻子闻,用舌头尝。 我们还可以通过使用显微镜、望远镜和温度计等仪器扩大我们的感知和观察能力。

    Q: How do these instruments extend human senses and our ability to make observations?
    ::问题:这些文书如何扩大人类感知和我们发表意见的能力?

    A: Microscopes and telescopes extend the sense of vision. They allow us to observe objects that are too small (microscopes) or too distant (telescopes) for the unaided eye to see. Thermometers extend the sense of touch. Using our sense of touch, we can only feel how warm or cold something is relative to our own or the temperature of something else. Thermometers allow us to measure precisely how warm or cold something is.
    ::A:显微镜和望远镜扩大了视觉感知。 它们允许我们观察太小(显微镜)或太远(望远镜)的物体, 无法让无助的眼睛看到。 温度计扩大了触感。 使用我们的触感, 我们只能感觉到温暖或寒冷的东西与我们自己或其它东西的温度是相对的。 温度计允许我们精确测量温暖或寒冷的东西。

    Using Observations to Gather Evidence
    ::使用观察收集证据

    Besides raising questions for investigation, observations play another role in scientific investigations. They help scientists gather evidence. For example, a scientist might observe whether certain telltale signs are present to investigate whether a has occurred. In some chemical changes, for example, a substance turns from one color to another. You can see an example of this in the Figure . In other chemical changes, an odor is produced or bubbles are released. All of these changes can be observed with the senses.
    ::除了提出调查问题之外,观测还在科学调查中起到另一种作用,它们帮助科学家收集证据。例如,科学家可以观察是否有某些告示符号来调查是否已经发生。例如,在某些化学变化中,物质从一种颜色转向另一种颜色。在图中可以看到这方面的一个例子。在其他化学变化中,产生一种气味或释放泡沫。所有这些变化都可以用感知来观察。

    A collection of shiny and dull pennies showing color differences due to chemical changes.
    Some of these pennies are shiny and copper colored. That’s how pennies look when they are new. The older pennies are dull and brown. Copper at the surface of these pennies has combined with air to become a different substance with different properties. The change in color shows that a chemical change has occurred.

    Q: Some chemical changes release . How could this change be observed?
    ::问题:一些化学变化释放 。如何观察到这种变化?

    A: The sense of touch—or a thermometer—could be used to observe an increase in temperature.
    ::A: 可以用触感——或温度计——来观察温度的上升。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • An observation is any information that is gathered with the senses.
      ::观察是用感官收集的任何信息。
    • Observations raise questions that lead to scientific investigations. Observations also help scientists gather evidence in investigations.
      ::观测还有助于科学家在调查中收集证据。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is an observation?
      ::什么是观察?
    2. What senses can we use to make observations?
      ::我们用什么感官来做观察?
    3. Why are observations important to scientific investigations?
      ::为什么观测对科学调查很重要?

    Resources
    ::资源