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  • General

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  • 实验室安全

    A field scientist in safety gear collects water samples from treatment ponds.

    Research in physical science can be exciting, but it also has potential dangers. For example, the field scientist in this photo is collecting water samples from treatment ponds. There are many microorganisms in the water that could make him sick. The water and shore can also be strewn with dangerous objects such as sharp can lids and broken glass bottles that could cause serious injury. Whether in the field or in the lab, knowing how to stay safe in science is important.
    ::物理科学研究可能令人兴奋,但也有潜在危险。例如,这张照片中的实地科学家正在从处理池收集水样。水中有许多微生物可能使他生病。水和海岸也可能布满危险物体,如锋利的罐盖和可能造成严重伤害的碎玻璃瓶。无论是在田野还是在实验室,知道如何保持科学安全都很重要。

    Safety Symbols
    ::标 题 标 符 号

    Lab procedures and equipment may be labeled with safety symbols. These symbols warn of specific hazards, such as flames or broken glass. Learn the symbols so you will recognize the dangers. Then learn how to avoid them. Many common safety symbols are shown below.
    ::实验室程序和设备可贴上安全符号标签。 这些符号警告特定危险, 如火焰或碎玻璃。 学习符号, 以便您识别危险 。 然后学习如何避免危险 。 下面显示许多共同的安全符号 。

    Various safety symbols indicating hazards like flammable materials, electrical hazards, and toxic substances.

    Q: Do you know how you can avoid these hazards?
    ::问:你知道如何避免这些危险吗?

    A: Wearing protective gear is one way to avoid many hazards in science. For example, to avoid being burned by hot objects, use hot mitts to protect your hands. To avoid eye hazards, such as harsh splashed into the eyes, wear safety goggles. 
    ::甲:穿戴防护装备是避免科学中许多危害的一种方法。例如,为了避免被热物烧毁,使用热门保护你的手。为了避免眼睛危害,如对眼睛的猛烈喷射,请戴安全护目镜。

    Safety Rules
    ::《安全规则》

    Following basic safety rules is another important way to stay safe in science. Safe practices help prevent accidents. Several lab safety rules are listed below. Different rules may apply when you work in the field. But in all cases, you should always follow your teacher’s instructions.
    ::遵守基本安全规则是保持科学安全的另一个重要途径。 安全实践有助于预防事故。 下面列出了几个实验室安全规则。 在从事实地工作时,可以适用不同的规则。 但在所有情况下,你都应该遵守教师的指示。

    Lab Safety Rules
    ::《实验室安全规则》

    • Wear long sleeves and shoes that completely cover your feet.
      ::穿长袖和鞋子 完全覆盖你的脚。
    • If your hair is long, tie it back or cover it with a hair net.
      ::如果你的头发是长的, 绑在后面,或者用毛网盖住它。
    • Protect your eyes, skin, and clothing by wearing safety goggles, an apron, and gloves.
      ::戴安全护目镜、围裙和手套保护眼睛、皮肤和衣服。
    • Use hot mitts to handle hot objects.
      ::使用热气泡处理热物体。
    • Never work in the lab alone.
      ::永远不要一个人在实验室工作
    • Never engage in horseplay in the lab.
      ::永远不要在实验室里玩马戏
    • Never eat or drink in the lab.
      ::永远不要在实验室里吃或喝
    • Never do without your teacher’s approval.
      ::没有老师的许可,永远不要这样做。
    • Always add to water, never the other way around, and add the acid slowly to avoid splashing.
      ::总是添加到水中, 而不是相反, 并缓慢地添加酸 以避免溅水。
    • Take care to avoid knocking over Bunsen burners, and keep them away from flammable materials such as paper.
      ::要小心避免撞倒Bunsen燃烧器,避免它们靠近纸张等易燃材料。
    • Use your hand to fan vapors toward your nose rather than smelling substances directly.
      ::用手往鼻子上喷蒸气 而不是直接闻到物质
    • Never point the open end of a test tube toward anyone—including yourself!
      ::永远不要把试管的开端 指向任何人 包括你自己!
    • Clean up any spills immediately.
      ::立即清理任何溢出物
    • Dispose of lab wastes according to your teacher’s instructions.
      ::根据老师的指示丢弃实验室废物。
    • Wash glassware and counters when you finish your work.
      ::工作完成后清洗玻璃器械和柜台。
    • Wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the lab.
      ::在离开实验室前用肥皂和水洗手。

    In Case of Accident
    ::在事故情况下

    Even when you follow the rules, accidents can happen. Immediately alert your teacher if an accident occurs. Report all accidents, whether or not you think they are serious.
    ::即使你遵守规则,事故也会发生。当发生事故时,请立即提醒老师。报告所有事故,无论你是否认为事故是严重的。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Lab safety symbols warn of specific hazards, such as flames or broken glass. Knowing the symbols allows you to recognize and avoid the dangers.
      ::实验室安全符号警告特定危险,如火焰或碎玻璃,了解这些符号可以识别和避免危险。
    • Following basic safety rules, such as wearing safety gear, helps prevent accidents in the lab and in the field.
      ::遵守基本安全规则,如佩戴安全装备,有助于防止实验室和现场的事故。
    • All accidents should be reported immediately.
      ::所有事故应立即报告。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What hazard do think this safety symbol represents?
      ::这个安全符号代表什么危险?

    Safety symbol indicating chemical hazard, emphasizing protection from chemical spills.

    1. Identify three safety rules that help prevent accidents in the lab.
      ::确定有助于预防实验室事故的三项安全规则。
    2. Create a safety poster to convey one of the three rules you listed in your answer to 2.
      ::创建安全海报, 传递您在对 2 的答复中列出的三条规则之一 。

    Resources
    ::资源