3.5动物特征及分类
Section outline
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Lesson Objectives
::经验教训目标- Classify animals into major groups (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, vertebrates, invertebrates, those having live births and those which lay eggs) according to their physical characteristics and behaviors.
::根据动物的物理特征和行为,将动物分为主要类别(哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物、鱼类、节肢动物、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、活胎动物和产卵动物)。
Lesson Vocabulary
::词汇表课程- amphibian
::两栖
- arthropod
::节肢类动物
- bird
::鸟鸟
- fish
::鱼鱼
- invertebrate
::无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无无
- mammal
::哺乳动物
- physical characteristics
::物理特征
- reptile
::爬牌
- vertebrate
::脊椎动物
Is this an insect or an animal?
::这是昆虫还是动物?A snail is an animal just like you and me. That's right, you too are an animal. No, you don't look like a snail. You do have some things in common. Animals can be divided into many groups. These groups are decided based on their characteristics. All animals have some basic features in common. That does not mean they are the same. They also have many differences.
::蜗牛就像你和我一样是动物。没错,你也是动物。不,你看起来不像蜗牛。你的确有一些共同点。动物可以分为许多组。这些组是根据它们的特性决定的。所有动物都有一些共同的基本特征。这并不意味着它们是一样的。它们也有许多不同之处。For example, snails are mollusks and not insects. Mollusks have a unique set of features. Notice the large "foot" that allows it to move. Yes, it only has one foot. Did you notice the long antennas on its head? This is where the snail's eyes are. They are on the end of the antenna. They are not on its head like most animals. The foot and eyes are unique features. Scientists use these features to place animals into groups.
::例如,蜗牛是软体动物,而不是昆虫。 软体动物具有独特的特征。 注意允许它移动的大“ 脚” 。 是的, 它只有一英尺。 你注意到它头上的长天线吗? 这是蜗牛的眼睛所在的地方。 它们与大多数动物不同, 它们与大多数动物不同。 脚和眼睛是独特的特征。 科学家们使用这些特征将动物分成一组。What is the Difference Between Plants and Animals?
::植物和动物之间的区别是什么?Animals cannot make their own food. Animals get nutrients by eating other living things. Animals consume food. Plants make their own food. This is one way to tell plants from animals.
::动物不能自己做食物,动物通过食用其他生物获得养分,动物食用食物,植物自己做食物,这是从动物中分辨植物的一种方法。Animal Structure and Function
::动物结构和功能Animals can look unique. They can also do unique things. Animals can sense the world around them. Most animals have sensory organs. As an animal, you are able to hear. You can also smell, touch, and taste. Animals can also move around. Movement allows animals to search for food. All of them are illustrated in Figure .
::动物可以看起来很独特。 它们也可以做独特的事情。 动物可以感知周围的世界。 大多数动物都有感官器官。 作为动物,你可以听到。 你可以闻闻、触摸和口味。 动物也可以四处移动。 运动可以让动物寻找食物。 所有的动物都在图中说明。- Animals can sense the world around them. They can sense light and sound. Animals have a brain. The brain interprets these senses. The brain tells the body what to do.
::动物能感知周围的世界。 它们能感知光和声音。 动物有大脑。 大脑能解释这些感知。 大脑能告诉身体该怎么做 。
- All animals can move. An animal's brain works with its muscles. The brain sends signals to the muscles. It tells the muscles to move. Animals can look for food. Animals can avoid threats.
::所有动物都可以移动。 动物的大脑与肌肉合作。 大脑向肌肉发出信号。 它告诉肌肉移动。 动物可以寻找食物。 动物可以避免威胁。
- Animals consume other living things. This is how they get their food.
::动物消耗其他生物,这就是他们获取食物的方式。
Most animals share these characteristics: sensory organs, movement, and internal digestion. Animal Life Cycles
::动物生命周期Have you ever seen an egg? Some animals do not have live births. Instead, they lay eggs. The eggs contain the embryo. The embryo matures in the egg. With time, it will hatch. Some animals hatch and do not need care from their parents. They are ready to live on their own. Other animals will still need the care of their parents. Sea turtles break out of their shells. They immediately walk to the ocean. They do this with no help from an adult. Birds stay in the nest for many weeks. They are cared for by their parents. They leave the nest when they are strong enough to fly.
::难道你没有看见一个蛋吗?有些动物没有生出,有些没有生出,有些生出,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵。有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些不需要父母照顾,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些产卵,有些养的动物,需要父母照顾。有些海龟从壳里跳出来,有些海龟,不能在成年人的帮助下这样做。鸟在巢里逗留许多星期,是由父母照顾的。当它们强壮到可以飞的时候,就离开巢。Some animals give birth to live offspring. Animals like horses, cows, and whales give live birth. Their offspring are born looking like mini adults.
::有些动物生下活生生的后代。像马、牛、鲸等动物生下活生的后代。它们的后代长得像小成年人。What are some other differences animals may have?
::动物还有什么其他的区别吗?Animals can be grouped in other ways. Some animals have external skeletons. An arthropod is an animal that has a hard outer skeleton. Animals like spiders and insects have an external skeleton. Some animals do not even have a skeleton. Jelly fish and worms do not have a skeleton.
::动物可以以其他方式分类。 有些动物有外骨骼。 节肢动物是具有硬外骨骼的动物。 蜘蛛和昆虫等动物有外骨骼。 有些动物甚至没有骨骼。 果冻鱼和蠕虫没有骨骼。Most animals do not have backbones. These animals are called invertebrates. Other animals do have backbones. They are called vertebrates. You may know many of these animals.
::大多数动物没有脊椎,这些动物被称为无脊椎动物,其他动物则有脊椎。它们被称为脊椎动物,其中有许多是你们所知道的。Even animals with backbones have many differences. Can you think of some animals that have backbones? What about some animals that do not have backbones? Tabl e shows some common types of animals. You will notice that most animals do not have backbones.
::甚至有脊椎的动物也有许多差异。你能想到有脊椎的动物吗?没有脊椎的动物呢?表显示了一些常见的动物类型。你将发现大多数动物没有脊椎。Animals Examples Vertebrate or Invertebrate sponges
::海绵Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物jellyfish, corals
::水母、珊瑚Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
::虫、虫、虫Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物roundworms
::虫类Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物snails, clams, squids
::蜗牛、蛤、鱿鱼Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物earthworms, leeches, marine worms
::蚯蚓、水蚤、海洋蠕虫Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物insects, spiders, crustaceans, centipedes
::昆虫、蜘蛛、甲壳类、Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
::海星、海胆、沙币、海黄瓜Invertebrate
::无脊椎动物fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals Vertebrates
::伏击率Vertebrate Animals
::活性动物Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. They include fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Clearly, most animal species do not have a backbone.
::植物植物是有脊椎的动物,包括鱼类、两栖动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。 显然,大多数动物物种没有脊椎。Vertebrate Classification
::伏变率分类There are about 50,000 vertebrate species. They are placed in nine different classes. Five of the classes are . The other classes are , , , and mammals. Table lists some of their unique traits.
::大约有5万个脊椎动物物种。它们被排在9个不同的类别中。其中5个类别是 。其他类别是 , 和哺乳动物。表格列出了它们的一些独特的特性。Class Traits Example Hagfish They have a cranium but no backbone.
::他们有一个脊椎,但没有骨干。They do not have jaws.
::他们没有下巴They have an internal skeleton made of cartilage.
::他们有一个内骨 由软骨组成。hagfish
::鲸鱼Lampreys They have a partial backbone.
::他们有部分骨干。They do not have jaws.
::他们没有下巴They have an internal skeleton made of cartilage.
::他们有一个内骨 由软骨组成。lamprey
::灯光Cartilaginous Fish They have a complete backbone.
::他们有一个完整的骨干。They have jaws.
::他们有下巴They have an internal skeleton made of cartilage.
::他们有一个内骨 由软骨组成。shark
::鲨鱼Ray-Finned Fish They have a backbone and jaws.
::他们有骨干和下巴They have an internal skeleton made of bones.
::他们有骨骼骨骼骨骼They have thin, bony fins.
::它们有细细的金鳍perch
::赫( / 赫)Lobe-Finned Fish They have a backbone and jaws.
::他们有骨干和下巴They have an internal skeleton made of bones.
::他们有骨骼骨骼骨骼They have thick, fleshy fins.
::它们有厚厚的肉鳍coelacanth
::coelacanth COelacanth coelacanth coelacant COelacanth COelacanth coelacanth coelacanth COelacanth COelacanth COelacanth COelacanth coelaccanth coelaccanth coelacanth coelacccccccc coelacccccccc co coelacccccccc co co co coelacanth co co coelaccanth co co co co coelacccccccc co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co co coelacc 冷冷冷冷冷冷 地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地地They have a bony internal skeleton with a backbone and jaws.
::他们有一个骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼 骨骼和下巴。They have gills as larvae and lungs as adults.
::他们有象幼虫一样的 和像成年人一样的肺They have four limbs.
::他们有四肢frog
::青蛙They have a bony internal skeleton with a backbone and jaws.
::他们有一个骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼 骨骼和下巴。They breathe only with lungs.
::他们只有肺呼吸。They have four limbs.
::他们有四肢Their skin is covered with scales.
::他们的皮肤是用秤覆盖的。They lay eggs.
::他们产卵。alligator
::鳄鳄鳄They have a bony internal skeleton with a backbone but no jaws.
::他们有一个骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼 骨骼骨骼但没有下巴They breathe only with lungs.
::他们只有肺呼吸。They have four limbs, with two front limbs modified as wings.
::他们有四肢,两肢前侧被改成翅膀。Their skin is covered with feathers.
::他们的皮肤上覆满羽毛。They lay eggs.
::他们产卵。They are warm-blooded.
::他们是热血热血的。Bird Mammals They have a bony internal skeleton with a backbone and jaws.
::他们有一个骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼骨骼 骨骼和下巴。They breathe only with lungs.
::他们只有肺呼吸。They have four limbs.
::他们有四肢Their skin is covered with hair or fur.
::他们的皮肤上沾满毛毛或毛皮。They give live birth.
::他们生下活胎。They have mammary (milk-producing) glands.
::他们有乳腺,They are warm-blooded.
::他们是热血热血的。bear
::熊熊Lesson Summary
::经验教训摘要- Animals do not make their own food.
::动物不自己做食物。
- Animals can sense their surroundings. They have sensory organs. They have the ability to move. They also have internal digestion.
::动物能感知周围环境,有感官器官,有行动能力,也有内部消化能力。
- The 50,000 species of vertebrates can be placed into nine classes. Five of these classes are fish. The four others include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
::50 000种脊椎动物可以分为九类,其中五类是鱼类,其他四类包括两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。
Lesson Review Questions
::经验回顾问题- Identify traits that characterize all animals.
::辨别所有动物特征的特征
- Explain how animals are different from plants.
::解释动物与植物有何不同
- What are differences and similarities between, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals?
::鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物之间有什么不同和相似之处?
- Classify animals into major groups (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, vertebrates, invertebrates, those having live births and those which lay eggs) according to their physical characteristics and behaviors.
