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  • 冻结行动

    This lesson will help you learn and practice  FREEZING ACTION.  In GET THE BASICS, you'll get explanations and photos to build understanding. In EXPLORE, you'll find additional online resources to learn more. It's important to review and learn from these resources also! You'll have opportunities to practice in BUILD YOUR SKILLS. Finally, answer the questions in RECORD YOUR FINDINGS at the end of this topic, be sure to include information you learned from the Explore resources.
    ::这将帮助您学习和练习自由行动。 在获取 BASICS 中, 您将得到解释和照片来建立理解。 在 Explore 中, 您会找到更多的在线资源来学习更多。 审查和学习这些资源也很重要 ! 您将有机会在 BUILD 你的 SKILLS 中练习 。 最后, 请回答您在此专题结尾处记录的问题, 请务必包含您从 Explore 资源中学到的信息 。


    GET THE BASICS 
    Have you ever seen photos of action in sports in which the player(s) appear frozen in time? How about a splash as something hits the water? Freezing action is a common but fascinating technique that stops movement and allows you to see something that would have happened too quickly to see without the benefit of photography.
    ::你见过体育中动作的照片吗? 玩家在时间上似乎冻僵了? 如何当某个东西撞上水时发生飞溅? 冻结行动是一种常见但迷人的技术,它能阻止运动,使你看到一些事情发生得太快,而看不到摄影的好处。

    To freeze action, you need a faster than normal shutter speed. Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter is open, allowing light to reach a digital camera's sensor. The smaller the number the longer the shutter is open. For example, 1/60th of a second is a common shutter speed for most photos. Even though that seems like a very short time, it's enough for many subject to move while the shutter is open. This creates a blurred photo. The shutter speed needed to freeze action depends on how fast the subject is moving. In EXPLORE (below), you'll learn what shutter speeds are needed to freeze the action - generally 1/250th of a second or faster depending on the speed of the subject.
    ::要冻结动作, 您需要比正常的百叶窗速度更快的速度。 百叶窗速度是百叶窗打开的时间长度, 允许光线到达数码相机的传感器。 百叶窗打开的时间越短。 例如, 一秒的1/ 60 是大多数照片的普通百叶窗速度 。 即使这看起来很短, 也足够让许多对象在百叶窗打开时移动。 这会产生模糊的照片。 冻结动作所需的百叶窗速度取决于对象移动的速度 。 在 EXPORRE (以下) 中, 您会知道冻结动作需要的百叶窗速度( 通常为秒的1/ 250) 。

    Here are some examples of freezing action.
    ::以下是冻结行动的一些例子。

    1. This young man appears frozen in the air while dancing to some tunes.
    ::1. 这名青年男子在跳舞时似乎在空中冻僵。

    dancing to some tunes


    2. A baseball pitcher winds up for the pitch.
    ::2. 棒球投手将投球。

    winding up for the pitch


    3. The boy appears to be flying with the seagull.
    ::3. 这名男孩似乎与海鸥一起飞行。

    playing at the beach


    4. The dog is caught running.
    ::4. 狗被捉跑。

    running dog


    Before you learn more about freezing action, you need to review the concept of aperture. In the chapter, Know Your Digital Camera , you learned that shutter speed and aperture affect each other. Aperture is the round hole that lets light reach the sensor. A larger aperture lets in more light, while a smaller aperture lets in less light. If you use a fast shutter speed, there's less time for light to enter the camera, so you may need to increase the aperture. Remember, though, the larger the aperture, the narrower the depth of field. That's what happens with the sports action photo with the frozen player and the blurry background. The shutter speed is fast, so you need more light and set the aperture larger. The larger aperture narrows the depth of field, so the player is in focus but anything in front or behind the player is out of focus.
    ::在更多关于冷冻动作的知识之前, 您需要检查孔径的概念。 在章节“ 了解数字相机” 中, 您学会了百叶窗速度和孔径相互影响。 孔径是让光到达传感器的圆洞。 大孔径让更多光亮, 而小孔让更少的光亮。 如果您使用快速百叶窗速度, 光光进入摄像头的时间会更少, 所以您可能需要增加光度。 记住, 孔径越大, 距离越小。 这就是与冷冻播放器和模糊背景一起的运动动作照片发生的情况。 百叶窗速度越快, 您需要更多光亮, 并且将光线设置得越大。 越大, 光线会缩小场的深度, 所以玩家在焦点上, 但是前面或后面的玩家在焦点之外。

    As you continue with this lesson, see how shutter speed and aperture work together. I f your digital camera has a separate shutter priority setting, use it to select a fast shutter speed, and see what aperture the camera chooses. If your digital camera doesn't have a separate shutter priority setting, use the sports scene mode.
    ::当您继续学习这个课程时, 请查看百叶窗速度和孔径是如何一起工作的。 如果您的数字相机有一个单独的百叶窗优先级设置, 请使用它选择快速百叶窗速度, 并查看相机选择的宽度。 如果您的数字相机没有单独的百叶窗优先级设置, 请使用运动场景模式 。


    EXPLORE 
    For great examples of freezing action photos, lots of ideas for shooting your own, and suggested shutter speeds for different subjects, see      Shutter Speed: Freezing Action from MyPhotoSchool:

    ::例如冻结行动照片、拍摄自己照片的很多想法, 以及建议不同科目的百叶窗速度,

    Learn more dos and don'ts at  Common mistakes at every shutter speed (and the best settings you should use) from Digital Camera World:

    ::在数字摄影世界中, 以每一个快门速度(以及你应该使用的最佳设置)学习更多动作而不犯常见错误:


    BUILD YOUR SKILLS
    It's your turn to try and freeze the action! Since your subjects are moving, don't worry about shooting pairs of photos to compare. Try and capture two or more freezing action photos.
    ::BULD SKILLLSIT 轮到你尝试冻结动作! 由于您的主体正在移动, 不要担心拍摄一对照片来比较。 尝试并捕捉两张或多张冻结动作照片 。

    Review your freezing action photos. Select TWO photos. Share your photos with your teacher, and be prepared to discuss how they show what you’ve learned.  Download your photos to a computer to keep them for the portfolio you’ll create in the end-of-course final project.
    ::查看您的冻结动作照片。 选择两张照片。 与您的老师分享您的照片, 并准备讨论他们如何显示您学到的东西。 下载您的照片到计算机上, 以保存您在期末最终工程中创建的投资组合 。


    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • What is the function of freezing action?
      ::冻结行动的作用是什么?
    • What do you have to do with shutter speed to freeze action?
      ::为了冻结行动,你和开关速度有什么关系?
    • Explain how shutter speed and aperture work affect each other.
      ::解释一下百叶窗速度和孔径工作如何相互影响。
    • Describe the settings (shutter speed/aperture or scene mode) you used for each of your selected photos.
      ::描述您为您选中的每张照片所使用的设置( 速率/ 孔径或场景模式) 。