章节大纲

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  • 以摄影开始

    WHAT KIND OF CAMERA SHOULD I USE?
    ::我该用什么样的摄影机?

    The best digital camera is the one you have with you. Yes, a fancy camera will let you do more things and we have class cameras that you can check out for the advanced projects. But any camera will do. Becoming a good photographer takes practice. It is just as much about learning to see as an artist, as having fancy equipment. You may use any computer, smartphone, or tablet that you can connect to the internet or a computer. 
    ::最好的数码相机就是你拥有的。 是的, 高级相机会允许你做更多的事情, 我们的课堂相机可以用来检查先进的项目。 但是任何相机都可以。 成为一名优秀的摄影师需要练习。 学习像艺术家一样看, 就像拥有高级设备一样。 您可以使用任何电脑、 智能手机或平板电脑连接到互联网或电脑 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • What is the best digital camera to use?
      ::什么是最好的数码相机使用?

    WHAT IS A JPEG?
    JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group and is the most common file format for digital photos.  All of your pictures should end with .jpg or .png. This will ensure that any computer or web application can see them. A JPEG can display millions of colors, so it's perfect for photos. JPEGs are compressed to create smaller image files that load well through the internet while still looking good. Compression allows you to save more photos in less space. 
    ::JPEG是什么? JPEG 代表联合摄影专家小组, 是数字照片最常用的文件格式。 您的所有图片都应该以. jpg 或. png 结束。 这将确保任何计算机或网络应用程序都能看到它们。 JPEG 可以显示数百万种颜色, 因而对照片来说是完美的。 JPEG 被压缩, 可以在互联网上创建更小的图像文件, 这些图像文件在看起来还不错的时候, 可以在更少的空间里保存更多照片 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • What are two main reasons the JPEG format is used for digital photos?
       
      ::数字照片使用JPEG格式的两个主要原因是什么?

    BATTERY
    Digital cameras require batteries to function. Most use rechargeable batteries. However, some use rechargeable battery packs or regular replaceable batteries.
    ::数字照相机需要电池才能正常运转,大多数使用可充电电池,但有些使用可充电电池包或常规可替换电池。

    digitial camera batteries and charger

    Locate your digital camera’s battery compartment, and remove the battery pack/batteries. Take care to note any directional markings or tabs that will help you know how to put the battery/batteries back in the camera.
    ::定位数码相机的电池箱, 并移除电池包/ 电池。 注意注意任何指示标记或标签, 帮助您知道如何将电池/电池放回相机中 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • What kind of battery/batteries does your digital camera use?
      ::您的数码相机使用何种电池/电池?
    • Is there any marking or tab that helps you know how to put the battery/batteries back in the camera? If so, what?
       
      ::是否有任何标记或标签可以帮助你知道如何将电池/电池放回摄像机中?如果是,什么?

    MEMORY CARD
    Most digital cameras store images on a removable memory card. Common digital camera memory card formats include SD (Secure Digital), MS (Memory Stick), xD (Extended Digital), and CF (Compact Flash). Memory cards come in different capacities, measured from small to large: MB (megabytes) to GB (gigabytes). The larger the capacity, the more images the card will store.
    ::MEMORY CARD 多数数字相机将图像存储在可移动的记忆卡上。 常见的数字相机存储卡格式包括SD( 安全数字 ) 、 MS( 记忆棒 ) 、 xD( 扩展数字 ) 和 CF( 复合闪电 ) 。 记忆卡以不同的能力出现, 从小到大测量: MB( 兆字节) 到 GB( igigabytes ) 。 容量越大, 该卡将存储的图像就越多 。

    memory card with plastic case

    There's more to it though. Memory cards are also rated by speed. Unfortunately, there are several rating scales - megabytes per second (MBPS), the "x" suffix following a speed number, and class rating - but the easiest to understand, and most commonly used, is class rating. A class 10 card has a minimum data transfer rate of 10 MBPS while a class 2 card has a minimum data transfer rate of 2 MBPS. Don't worry about what MBPS actually means, just know that 10 is a lot faster than 2. This is important. If you are shooting large, high quality photos or high definition video, as many up-to-date digital cameras can do, you should go for a higher class with more speed. Check your digital camera's user manual for memory card speed requirements. You'll also learn more about image size and quality in the third lesson in this chapter, Resolution and Compression.
    ::更多的是。 记忆卡也被按速度定级。 不幸的是, 有几个评分尺度 - 每秒有兆字节( MBPS ) , 速度数后有“ x” 后缀, 级级评分, 但最容易理解和最常用的是等级评分。 10级卡的最低数据传输速率是10 MBPS, 而2级卡的最低数据传输速率是2 MBPS 。 不要担心 MBPS 实际意味着什么, 只要知道 10 远快于 2 。 这很重要。 如果您拍摄大、 高品质的照片或高定义的视频, 您应该像许多最新的数码相机一样, 以更快的速度进入更高的级别。 检查您的数码相机用户手册, 以便了解记忆卡速度要求 。 您还可以在本章、 分辨率 和 压缩第三课中学习更多图像大小和质量 。

    Learn more about digital camera memory card types at Camera memory cards explained from Photo Technique:

    ::更多了解摄影机记忆卡上的数字相机记忆卡类型,

    Learn even more about memory cards, including how many photos you can take depending on the photo size and card capacity at 10 Things To Know About Digital Camera Memory Cards from MakeUseOf:

    ::了解更多关于记忆卡的信息, 包括根据照片大小和卡容量, 有多少照片可以拍摄,

    Locate your digital camera’s memory card compartment, and remove the card. Take care to note any directional markings or icons (little picture symbols) that will help you know how to put the memory card back into the camera.
    ::定位数码相机的内存卡隔板, 并移除卡片。 注意注意注意任何方向标记或图标( 小图片符号), 帮助您知道如何将内存卡放回相机 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • What type of memory card does your digital camera use?
      ::您的数码相机使用哪种类型的记忆卡?
    • What is the capacity of your memory card?
      ::你记忆卡的容量是多少?
    • If your memory card has a speed rating, what is it?
       
      ::如果你的记忆卡有一个速度评级, 它是什么?

    ON/OFF
    Make sure your battery is charged and in your digital camera - and you've inserted the memory card. Now, locate your camera's On/Off button/switch, and turn on the camera.
     
    ::ON/OFF 确保您的电池充电, 在您的数码相机中, 您已经插入了存储卡。 现在, 定位您的相机的 On/ off 按钮/ 开关, 并打开相机 。

    DATE & TIME SETTINGS
    Digital cameras code images with the date/time they are taken. When you turn on your camera for the first time, you’ll be prompted to set the date/time. If you haven’t set the date/time and have been using your camera, you can still set them by going in to the camera’s menu and finding the settings.
    ::Date & TimeSettings 数字相机代码图像, 包括日期/ 时间。 当您第一次打开相机时, 将会提示您设定日期/ 时间。 如果您没有设定日期/ 时间, 并且一直在使用相机, 您仍然可以通过查看相机菜单和查找设置来设定它们 。

    Locate and press the menu button on your digital camera. Then, find Settings. The name “Settings” may be different for your camera. In Settings, find an open the options for setting/changing the date/time. Make sure the date/time are set correctly.
    ::定位并按下数字相机上的菜单按钮。 然后, 查找设置。 您的相机名称“ 设置” 可能不同。 在设置中, 找到一个设置/ 更改日期/ 时间的选项。 请确认日期/ 时间设置正确 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • How do you get to the date/time settings for your camera?
       
      ::您如何进入相机的日期/ 时间设置 ?

    CLEANING YOUR CAMERA LENS
    If your camera lens is dirty, it’s like shooting photos through a dirty window. So, before you start, be sure your camera lens is clean. However, DON’T start wiping off the dirt, as this can scratch the lens and give you worse images than just having a dirty lens. Also, DON’T spray the lens with compressed air, as this can force dirt and dust inside the lens housing.
    ::如果你的相机镜头是肮脏的,它就像在肮脏的窗口里拍摄照片一样。所以,在开始之前,请确保相机镜头是干净的。 但是,不要开始擦掉泥土,因为这可以刮掉镜头,给你的图像比有肮脏的镜头还要糟糕。 另外,不要用压缩的空气向镜头喷射镜头,因为这可以迫使镜头内有泥土和尘土。

    How do you clean a camera lens? [1] Carefully, blow away any grit or dust, or brush it away with a camel’s hair brush made for camera lenses. [2] Gently wipe the lens surface with a clean, soft, lint-free cloth, like a microfiber cloth for cleaning eyeglasses. [3] If needed, use a little lens cleaning fluid (or, in a pinch, water) applied to the cloth. [4] Consider buying a lens-cleaning tool that has a brush on one end and a lens pen on the other end (about $8).
    ::[2] 轻轻地用干净的、柔软的、不干净的布来擦擦镜头表面,例如用显微纤维布来清洁眼镜。 [3] 如果需要,请使用涂在布上的小透镜清洗液(或,在紧要的水中)。 [4] 考虑购买一个有一端刷子的透镜清洗工具,另一端(约8美元)的透镜笔。

    Learn more about cleaning camera lenses at About.com:

    ::更多了解About. com的清洁相机镜头:

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • Describe the steps for cleaning a camera lens.
      ::描述清理相机镜头的步骤 。
    • Describe what not to do when cleaning a camera lens.
       
      ::描述清洗相机镜头时不做什么。

    PHOTO PREVIEW, PLAYBACK & DELETE
    Digital cameras have LCD (liquid crystal display) screens. The LCD screens are used for previewing images as you shoot. Another use for the LCD screens – and one advantage of digital photography – is that after shooting a photo, you can see it right away instead of taking in film for processing and waiting for the photos to be developed. Your digital camera has a button to switch between camera and playback mode. Often the button is marked with a triangle icon, like the Play button on a DVD or BlueRay player. Locate your camera's playback button.
    ::PHOTO PREVIEW, PLATOBACK & DELETE 数字相机有液晶显示屏。 LCD 屏幕在拍摄时用于预览图像。 LCD 屏幕的另一个用途 — — 也是数字摄影的一个优点 — — 是在拍摄照片之后,你可以马上看到它,而不是拍摄胶片,以便处理和等待照片的开发。你的数码相机有一个按钮可以在相机和播放回放模式之间切换。这个按钮通常用三角图标标记,如DVD 或 BlueRay 播放器上的播放按钮。定位您的相机的回放按钮。

    digital camera LCD screen

    In playback mode, you'll be able to delete photos. Your camera has a delete button that usually has an icon of a trash can on it. Locate your camera's delete button.
    ::在播放模式下, 您可以删除照片 。 您的相机有一个删除按钮, 通常有垃圾桶的图标 。 定位相机的删除按钮 。

    One more thing before you start shooting photos... Most digital cameras have an auto-focus mode for ease of use. When you shoot a photo, try pressing the shutter button halfway to allow the camera to automatically focus the image. Once the image is focused, press the shutter button the rest of the way to shoot the photo.
    ::在你开始拍摄照片之前,还有一件事... 大多数数码相机都有自动聚焦模式,以便于使用。 当你拍摄照片时, 尝试按下百叶窗按钮, 以使相机能够自动聚焦图像。 一旦图像被聚焦, 按下百叶窗按钮, 其余的按钮拍摄照片 。

    Now, shoot some photos. Don’t worry about the elements of good photo composition. You’ll learn about these in the chapters to come. For now, just get to know your digital camera and have some fun.
    ::现在,拍摄一些照片。 别担心好照片成份的元素。 你会在即将到来的章节中了解这些内容。 目前,你只要了解你的数码相机并玩得开心。

    After you shoot some photos, switch to playback mode and view your photos. Select a photo you don’t want, and delete it.
    ::在拍摄一些照片后, 切换到播放模式并查看您的照片。 请选择您不想拍摄的照片, 然后删除它 。

    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • Draw a picture of the icon for the playback button.
      ::为播放按钮绘制图标的图片。
    • Draw a picture of the icon for the delete function.
      ::为删除函数绘制图标的图片。
    •  

    HOW TO SHARE YOUR PHOTOS
    Photos are stored as JPG images on your digital camera’s memory card, but there will be times when you will want to share photos with other people - like your teacher. There are several ways to share your photos.
    ::如何在数码相机的记忆卡上以 JPG 图像的形式共享您的照片, 但有时您会想与其他人分享照片, 比如您的老师。 分享您的照片有多种方式 。

    One way to share your photos is by downloading them to a computer using a USB cord that connects to your computer. Connect the cord first and then turn your camera on. When you open  iPhoto,  it will ask you if you want to import the photos from the camera. 
    ::分享照片的方法之一是使用连接到计算机的USB线将照片下载到计算机上。先连接线,然后打开相机。打开 iPhoto 时, 它会询问您是否想要从相机中导入照片 。

     A memory card reader is a small device which connects to the computer with a USB cable. The card reader has slots which fit one or more types of memory cards. When you insert a memory card in the card reader slot, the computer can access the files on the memory card. The card appears as another drive on the computer desktop (Macintosh) or My Computer/Computer (Windows). Double click on the drive icon to open it. The image files will be in a folder called DCIM. When you open this folder, you can copy image files onto your computer just as you would copy any other files. This is great for backing up important images or organizing them into collections.
    ::内存卡读取器是一个小设备,用USB 电缆连接到计算机。卡读取器有适合一种或多种内存卡的空格。在卡读取器的空格中插入内存卡时,计算机可以访问内存卡上的文件。卡作为另一个驱动器出现在计算机桌面(Macintosh)或我的计算机/计算机(Windows)上。双击驱动器图标打开它。图像文件将放在名为 DCIM 的文件夹中。打开此文件夹后,您可以将图像文件复制到计算机上,就像复制其它文件一样。这对支持重要图像或将图像组织成收藏很有用。

    SD card in a card reader

    Many computers now come with built-in memory card readers, so you don't have to connect an external one.
    ::许多电脑现在都有内置的记忆卡阅读器, 所以你不必连接外部的电脑。

    Another way to share your photos is through social media. Smart phones, and even some new digital cameras, connect to the Internet via WiFi. With these devices, you can upload photos directly to social media sites like Flickr. You will be assigned a Flickr account for this class . You can upload your photos directly from a smartphone or a tablet using Flickr
    ::分享照片的另一种方式是通过社交媒体。智能手机,甚至一些新的数码相机,通过WiFi接入互联网。有了这些设备,您可以直接将照片上传到Flickr等社交媒体网站。您将被分配到这一类的Flickr账户。您可以通过智能手机或平板电脑直接上传您的照片。您可以直接从智能手机或平板电脑上上传到Flickr。

    However you download or share your photos, as you go through this course, you'll need to be able to show them to your teacher. You'll also need to use them in the course final project - Your Digital Portfolio.
    ::无论你下载或分享你的照片, 当你经过这个课程时, 您需要能够展示给老师。 您也需要在课程的最后项目中使用这些照片—— 您的数字组合 。


    RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
    ::记录你的调查结果

    • How do you download photos from your digital camera?
      ::你如何从数码相机上下载照片?
    • What is the function of a memory card reader?
      ::记忆卡阅读器的功能是什么?
    • Other than downloading photos, what's another way to share your photos?
      ::除了下载照片,还有什么方法可以分享你的照片?