5.10 金属债券
Section outline
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The thick, rigid trunk of the oak tree on the left might crack and break in a strong wind. The slim, flexible trunk of the palm tree on the right might bend without breaking. In one way, are like willow trees. They can bend without breaking. That’s because metals form special bonds called metallic bonds.
::左边橡树的厚厚、坚硬的树干可能裂开,在强烈的风中破碎。 右边棕榈树的柔软柔软的树干可能弯曲而不会断裂。 一种方式是,像柳树一样。 它们可以弯曲而不会断裂。 这是因为金属形成特殊债券,称为金属债券。What Are Metallic Bonds?
::什么是金属债券?Metallic bonds are forces of attraction between positive metal and the that are constantly moving around them (see the Figure ). The valence electrons include their own and those of other, nearby ions of the same metal. The valence electrons of metals move freely in this way because metals have relatively low electronegativity, or attraction to electrons. The positive metal ions form a lattice-like structure held together by all the metallic bonds.
::金属债券是正金属与不断移动的金属之间的吸引力量(见图 ) 。 价值电子包括它们自身和同一金属的其他近距离离子的吸引力量。 金属的值电子通过这种方式自由移动,因为金属的电子密度相对较低,或对电子的吸引。 正金属离子形成一种由所有金属联结合在一起的板状结构。Metallic bonds. Q: Why do metallic bonds form only in that are metals? Why don’t similar bonds form in elements that are ?
::问题:为什么金属债券只以金属的形式形成? 为什么在元素中不以类似的债券形式形成呢?A: Metal atoms readily give up valence electrons and become positive ions whenever they form bonds. When nonmetals bond together, the atoms share valence electrons and do not become ions. For example, when oxygen atoms bond together they form oxygen molecules in which two oxygen atoms share two pairs of valence electrons equally, so neither becomes charged.
::A:金属原子很容易放弃价值电子,当它们形成联结时就变成正离子。当非金属结合在一起时,原子共享价值电子,而不是成为离子。例如,当氧原子结合在一起时,它们形成氧分子,其中两个氧原子平等分享两对价值电子,所以两者都不充电。Metallic Bonds and the Properties of Metals
::金属债券和金属属性The valence electrons surrounding metal ions are constantly moving. This makes metals good conductors of electricity. The lattice-like structure of metal ions is strong but quite flexible. This allows metals to bend without breaking. Metals are both ductile (can be shaped into wires) and malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets).
::金属离子周围的价值电子在不断移动。 这使金属成为良好的电力导体。 类似金属离子的板状结构是坚固的,但相当灵活。 这使得金属可以不折不扣地弯曲。 金属既可以是衬带( 可以塑成电线),也可以是可塑的( 可以塑成薄板 ) 。Q: Look at the metalworker in the Figure . He’s hammering a piece of hot iron in order to shape it. Why doesn’t the iron crack when he hits it?
::问题:看看图中的金属工人。他正在敲敲一块热铁来塑造它。 为什么他打铁时不敲断铁裂缝呢?A: The iron ions can move within the “sea” of electrons around them. They can shift a little closer together or farther apart without breaking the metallic bonds between them. Therefore, the metal can bend rather than crack when the hammer hits it.
::甲:铁离子可以在电子周围的“海洋”内移动。 它们可以在不打破它们之间的金属联系的情况下,相互更近或更远地移动。 因此,金属在敲锤时可以弯曲,而不是裂开。Metal worker shaping iron metal. Summary
::摘要-
Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them. The ions form a lattice-like structure held together by the metallic bonds.
::金属债券是正态金属离子和不断移动的保值电子之间的吸引力。 离子形成金属债券合在一起的像板状结构。 -
Metallic bonds explain why metals can conduct electricity and bend without breaking.
::金属债券可以解释为什么金属可以不间断地进行电力和弯曲。
Review
::回顾-
What are metallic bonds?
::什么是金属债券? -
How do metallic bonds relate to the properties of metals?
::金属债券与金属特性的关系如何? -
The iron in the metal working picture above (
Figure
) is red hot. Infer why the metalworker heats the iron when he shapes it.
::上面金属工作图(图)中的铁是红热的,请说明为什么金属工人在铁制成时会加热。
Explore More
::探索更多Watch the video about metallic bonds at the following URL, and then answer the questions below.
::在下面的 URL 上观看关于金属债券的视频, 然后回答下面的问题。-
What is electricity? Why can metals conduct electricity?
::电是什么?为什么金属能用电? -
What can metals conduct besides electricity?
::除了电力之外,金属还能做什么? -
How could you use an empty pop can to demonstrate that metals can bend without breaking?
::你怎么能用一个空的弹簧 来证明金属可以弯曲而不会折断呢?
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Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them. The ions form a lattice-like structure held together by the metallic bonds.
