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  • General

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  • 综合反应

    Smoggy skyline of Los Angeles, California, highlighting air pollution issues.

    In this photo of Los Angeles, California, the air over the city is brown with smog. A major component of smog is nitrogen dioxide, which is a toxic with a sharp odor. Nitrogen dioxide can irritate the eyes and throat and trigger asthma attacks. Where does this poisonous gas come from? It forms when nitric oxide—from sources such as car exhaust—reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction is a synthesis reaction.
    ::在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的这张照片中,城市上空的空气与烟雾是褐色的。烟雾的主要成分是二氧化氮,它有尖锐的气味。二氧化氮可以刺激眼睛和喉咙,引发哮喘袭击。这种有毒气体来自哪里?它从汽车排气等来源的氧化氮与空气中的氧气发生反应时形成。这种反应是一种合成反应。

    What Is A Synthesis Reaction?
    ::什么是综合反应?

    A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. A synthesis reaction can be represented by the general equation:
    ::当两个或两个以上的反应器合在一起形成单一产品时,即发生合成反应。

    A + B → C

    In this equation, the letters A and B represent the reactants that begin the reaction, and the letter C represents the product that is synthesized in the reaction. The arrow shows the direction in which the reaction occurs.
    ::在这一方程式中,字母A和字母B代表开始反应的反应方,字母C代表反应中合成的产品。箭头显示反应的发生方向。

    Q: What is the chemical equation for the synthesis of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) from nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O 2 )?
    ::问题:一氧化氮(NO)和氧(O2)产生的二氧化氮(NO2)合成的化学方程是什么?

    A: The equation for this synthesis reaction is:
    ::A:这种综合反应的方程式是:

    2NO + O 2 → 2NO 2

    Examples of Synthesis Reactions
    ::综合反应实例

    Another example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl). This reaction is represented by the chemical equation:
    ::合成反应的另一个例子是钠(Na)和氯(Cl)结合生产氯化钠(NaCl)。

    2Na + Cl 2 → 2NaCl

    Sodium is a highly reactive metal , and chlorine is a poisonous gas. Both are pictured in the Figure . The they synthesize has very different properties. Sodium chloride is commonly called table salt , which is neither reactive nor poisonous. In fact, salt is a necessary component of the human diet. 
    ::钠是一种高度活性金属,而氯是一种有毒气体。两种物质都在图中图解。它们合成的氯化钠具有非常不同的特性。氯化钠通常被称为食盐,既不是反应性的,也不是有毒的。事实上,盐是人类饮食的必要成分。

    Sodium in a jar, chlorine in a bottle, and a salt shaker illustrating synthesis reaction.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. This type of reaction is represented by the general equation: A + B → AB.
      ::当两个或两个以上的反应器合在一起形成单一产品时,即发生合成反应,这种反应用一般方程式表示:A+B AB。
    • An example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl). This reaction is represented by the chemical equation: 2Na + Cl 2 → 2NaCl.
      ::合成反应的一个实例是钠(Na)和氯(Cl)结合生产氯化钠(NaCl),化学方程式2Na + Cl2 2NaCl表示这种反应。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a synthesis reaction?
      ::什么是综合反应?
    2. Describe the synthesis reaction that produces table salt.
      ::描述产生食盐的合成反应。
    3. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
      1. 2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2
        ::2H2O 2H2 + O2
      2. 2NO + O 2 → 2NO 2
        ::2NO + O2 + 2NO2
      3. 2K + 2H 2 O → 2KOH + H 2
        ::2K + 2H2O + 2KOH + H2
      4. CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O
        ::CH4 + 2O2 + 2O2 + CO2 + 2H2O

      ::以下哪一种是合成反应? 2H2O + 2H2 + O2 2NO + O2 + 2NO2 2K + 2H2O + 2KOH + H2 CH4 + 2O2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2 + 2H2+ + 2H2 + 2H2+ + 2H2 + + 2H2 + + 2H2K 2K + 2H2O

     

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Watch the two-video sequence on synthesis reactions, and then answer the questions below.
    ::观看关于合成反应的两段视频序列,然后回答下面的问题。

    1. Why is it easy to identify synthesis reactions?
      ::为什么很容易确定综合反应?
    2. What is the product of the synthesis reaction in which sodium combines with oxygen?
      ::钠与氧结合的合成反应的产物是什么?
    3. Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis reaction in which nitrogen reacts with hydrogen.
      ::为氮与氢发生反应的合成反应写一个平衡化学方程式。
    4. Complete the following two synthesis reactions by filling in the missing products:
      1. 2Al + 3Br 2 → ?
        ::2Al + 3BR2 ?
      2. 2K + S → ?
        ::2K + S ?

      ::填充缺失的产品以完成以下两个综合反应: 2Al + 3BR2 ? 2K + S ?