Section outline

  • General

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  • 第1股:基本谅解、词汇和目标

    Unit 1 - Basic Understandings
    ::1股 - 基本谅解

    • The economic principles of scarcity and opportunity costs influence the economic choices of societies and individuals.
      ::稀缺和机会成本的经济原则影响着社会和个人的经济选择。
    • The economic systems of free enterprise, socialism, and communism share some characteristics but have different methods for making economic decisions.
      ::自由企业、社会主义和共产主义的经济制度有一些共同的特点,但有不同的经济决策方法。
    • The viewpoints of various economic philosophers have influenced the development of the free enterprise system in the United States.
      ::各种经济哲学家的观点影响了美国自由企业系统的发展。
    • The United States uses a free enterprise system that is continually changing.
      ::美国使用一个不断改变的自由企业系统。
    • The circular flow model can be used to represent the movement of resources in an economy.
      ::循环流动模式可用来代表一个经济体的资源流动。

    Unit 1 - Vocabulary
    ::1单元 - 词汇

    free enterprise system   – an economic system characterized by private ownership of businesses operated for profit with economic freedom for both consumers and producers
    ::自由企业体系-以私人拥有企业为盈利经营经营企业的私有经济体系为特征的经济体系,消费者和生产者都享有经济自由

    scarcity   – the condition in which there are not enough resources available to produce everything that individuals demand
    ::- 缺乏资源,无法满足个人需求的一切需求。

    opportunity cost   – the value of goods and services that are given up in order to obtain an alternative good or service
    ::为获得替代货物或服务而放弃的货物和服务的价值

    factors of production   – the resources needed to produce goods and services, including land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship
    ::生产要素 -- -- 生产产品和服务所需资源,包括土地、劳动力、资本和创业

    resources   – supplies of something of value
    ::资源 -- -- 有价值物品的供应

    economic system   – a process created to manage the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services
    ::经济体系-为管理商品和服务的生产、消费和分销而建立的进程

    circular flow model   – a visual representation showing the relationship between the factor market and the product market
    ::圆环流动模式-显示要素市场与产品市场之间关系的视觉说明

    Unit 1 - Related Vocabulary
    ::1股 - 相关词汇

    • choice
      ::选择
    • competition
      ::竞争竞争
    • firms
      ::公司公司
    • incentives
      ::奖励措施
    • consumers
      ::消费者消费者
    • producers
      ::生产者 生产者
    • socialism
      ::社会主义、社会主义和社会主义
    • communism
      ::共产主义
    • capitalism
      ::资本主义资本主义

    What is Economics?
    ::什么是经济学?

    Why Should You Study Economics?
    ::你为何要学习经济学?

    Unit 1 TEKS
    ::1 单位 TEKS

    (1) Economics. The student understands the concepts of scarcity and opportunity costs. The student is expected to:
    :sad1) 经济学:学生理解稀缺和机会成本的概念,预期学生将:

    (A) explain why scarcity and choice are basic economic problems faced by every society;
    :sadA) 解释为什么匮乏和选择是每个社会面临的基本经济问题;

    (B) describe how societies answer the basic economic questions: what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce;
    :sadB) 描述社会如何回答基本经济问题:生产什么、如何生产以及由谁生产;

    (C) describe the economic factors of production: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship; and
    :sadC) 描述生产的经济因素:土地、劳动力、资本和企业家精神;以及

    (D) interpret a production-possibilities curve and apply the concepts of opportunity costs and scarcity.
    :sadD) 解释生产-可能性曲线,适用机会成本和稀缺的概念。

    (4) Economics. The student understands free enterprise, socialist, and communists economic systems. The student is expected to:
    :sad4) 经济学. 学生了解自由企业、社会主义和共产主义经济体系。

    (A) explain the basic characteristics of economic systems, including property rights, incentives, economic freedom, competition, and the role of government;
    :sadA) 解释经济制度的基本特点,包括财产权、奖励措施、经济自由、竞争和政府的作用;

    (B) contrast current and historic examples of the free enterprise system, socialism, and communism using the basic characteristics of economic systems; and
    :sadB) 利用经济制度的基本特点,对比自由企业制度、社会主义和共产主义的当前和历史实例;

    (C) analyze the contributions of various economic philosophers, including Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, John Maynard Keynes, and Adam Smith, and their impact on the U.S. free enterprise system.
    :sadC) 分析包括弗里德里希·海耶克、米尔顿·弗里德曼、约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯和亚当·史密斯在内的各种经济哲学家的贡献及其对美国自由企业系统的影响。

    (5) Economics. The student understands the basic characteristics and benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system. The student is expected to:
    :sad5) 经济学. 学生了解美国自由企业制度的基本特点和好处。

    (A) explain the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system, including individual freedom of consumers and producers, variety of goods, responsive prices, investment opportunities, and the creation of wealth; and
    :sadA) 解释美国自由企业制度的好处,包括消费者和生产者的个人自由、商品种类、应变价格、投资机会和创造财富;以及

    (B) analyze recent changes in the basic characteristics, including private property, incentives, economic freedom, competition, and the limited role of government, of the U.S. economy.
    :sadB) 分析美国经济基本特征的最新变化,包括私人财产、奖励、经济自由、竞争和政府作用有限。

    (7) Economics. The student understands the circular-flow model of the economy. The student is expected to:
    :sad7) 经济学. 学生理解经济循环流动模式,预期学生将:

    (A) interpret the roles of resource owners and firms in a circular-flow model of the economy and provide real-world examples to illustrate elements of the model; and
    :sadA) 在经济循环流动模式中解释资源所有者和公司的作用,并提供现实世界的实例来说明该模式的要素;

    (B) explain how government actions affect the circular-flow model.
    :sadB) 解释政府行动如何影响循环流动模式。