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  • 神经系统

    Lesson Objectives
    ::经验教训目标

    • Identify the parts and describe the functions of the nervous system. 
      ::识别神经系统的部件并描述其功能。

    Lesson Vocabulary
    ::词汇表课程

    • organ
      ::机关机关机关,机关机关
    • function
      ::函数函数

    lesson content

     

    What body system helps you learn?
    ::哪一种身体系统能帮助你学习?

    As these girls are studying, many things are taking place. Their eyes have to see the words. Their brains then have to figure out what the words mean. The brain also has to store the information coming in. It may be needed later. It will then have to be retrieved. All these processes are controlled by the nervous system. 
    ::这些女孩正在学习,许多事情正在发生。她们的眼睛必须看到这些字眼。然后她们的大脑必须弄清楚这些字眼的含义。大脑也必须储存进来的信息。以后可能还需要这些信息。然后必须收回这些信息。所有这些过程都由神经系统控制。

    Introduction to the Nervous System
    ::神经系统介绍

    Michelle was riding her scooter. She hit a hole in the street. She started to lose control of her scooter. She thought she would fall. In the blink of an eye, she shifted her weight. This quick action helped her to keep her balance. Her heart was pounding. The good news is that she did not get hurt. How was she able to react so quickly? Michelle can thank her nervous system ( Figure   ).
    ::Michelle骑着摩托车,在街上撞了个洞,她开始失去对摩托车的控制,她以为自己会摔倒。在一眨眼的时候,她就变胖了。这个快速动作帮助她保持了平衡。她的心跳加速。好消息是她没有受伤。她怎么反应这么快?Michelle可以感谢她的神经系统(Figure ) 。

    Staying balanced on a scooter requires control of the body's muscles and awareness of the surroundings

     

    Staying balanced when riding a scooter requires control over the body’s muscles. The nervous system controls the muscles and maintains balance.
    ::骑摩托车时保持平衡需要控制身体肌肉。 神经系统控制肌肉并保持平衡。

    The nervous system does not work alone. It works with the endocrine system. Together, they control all the other organ systems. The nervous system sends one type of signal. The nervous system sends electrical pulses. The endocrine system sends another type of signal. These chemical signals are called hormones. Hormones tell other body parts that a change is needed. 
    ::神经系统不是单独运作的。 它与内分泌系统合作。 它们共同控制所有其他器官系统。 神经系统发送一种信号。 神经系统发送一种信号。 神经系统发送电脉冲。 内分泌系统发送另一种信号。 这些化学信号被称为荷尔蒙。 荷尔蒙告诉其他身体部分需要改变。

    The nervous system does not just control muscles and balance. The nervous system also lets you sense the world around you. What type of things do you think it controls? 
    ::神经系统不仅控制肌肉和平衡。神经系统还让你感知周围的世界。你认为它控制着哪种事情?

    • Sense conditions inside of your body, such as temperature
      ::身体内部的感官条件,如温度
    • Control your internal body systems and keep them in balance
      ::控制内部机体系统并保持平衡
    • Prepare your body to fight or flee
      ::让你的身体准备好战斗或逃跑
    • Use language, think, learn, and remember
      ::使用语言、思考、学习和记忆

    The main organs of the nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord. They carry signals to the rest of the body. The messages released by the nervous system traveled through nerves. Just like the electricity that travels through wires. The nerves quickly carry the electrical messages around the body. The signals travel through the spinal cord and up to the brain. Signals travel back and forth along this pathway.
    ::神经系统的主要器官是大脑和脊髓,它们向身体其余部分传递信号。神经系统释放的信息通过神经系统传播。就像电线穿透的电线一样。神经迅速将电讯传送到身体周围。信号通过脊髓直通大脑。信号沿着这条路径来回传递。

    For example, think of what happens when Michelle started to fall off her scooter. Her nervous system sensed something was wrong. She realized she was losing her balance. Her brain immediately sent messages to her muscles. Some muscles tightened while others relaxed. These actions also moved her hips and her arms. All these actions together helped her keep her balance.
    ::比如,想想当米歇尔从摩托车上摔下来时会发生什么。 她的神经系统感觉出了问题。 她意识到自己正在失去平衡。 她的大脑立刻将信息传递给她的肌肉。有些肌肉收紧了,而另一些肌肉放松了。这些动作也让她的臀部和手臂动了动。 所有这些动作一起帮助她保持平衡。

    The nervous system works together with your muscles and bones. All the body systems work together. This includes the muscular and skeletal systems. Together these systems allowed Michelle to react. As a result, Michelle's body became balanced again. 
    ::神经系统与你的肌肉和骨头一起工作,所有身体系统都一起工作,这包括肌肉和骨骼系统。这些系统使米歇尔能够作出反应。结果,米歇尔的身体再次变得平衡。

    Lesson Summary
    ::经验教训摘要

    • The nervous system sends electrical messages throughout the body. They control all other body systems.
      ::神经系统向全身发出电讯,控制所有其他身体系统。
    • The nervous system allows you to think, learn, and sense your surroundings. This system also controls your internal body systems.
      ::神经系统允许你思考、学习和感知周围环境。这个系统也控制了你的内部身体系统。

    Lesson Review Questions
    ::经验回顾问题

    1. What are three functions of the nervous system?
      ::神经系统的三个功能是什么?
    1. What type of signals does the nervous system send? What carries these signals?
      ::神经系统会发出什么样的信号?
    1. What are the main organs of the nervous system?
      ::神经系统的主要器官是什么?