Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • 单位2:基本谅解、词汇和目标

    Unit 2 - Basic Understandings
    ::第2股 - 基本谅解

    • Economies develop to manage limited resources.
      ::发展经济体以管理有限的资源。
    • In a free enterprise system, the individual has choices as a producer and consumer.
      ::在自由企业系统中,个人作为生产者和消费者有选择权。
    • In a competitive market, the interaction between supply and demand affects the price and quantity of goods and services.
      ::在有竞争力的市场中,供求之间的相互作用影响到货物和服务的价格和数量。
    • Market structures are based on the degree of competition and impact a firm's ability to control the price of a product.
      ::市场结构以竞争程度为基础,影响到公司控制产品价格的能力。
    • Absolute and comparative advantage results in specialization in the production of goods and facilitates trade.
      ::绝对和相对优势导致货物生产专业化,便利贸易。
    • The development of global trade markets has resulted in the elimination of some trade barriers.
      ::全球贸易市场的发展导致消除了一些贸易壁垒。

    Unit 2 - Vocabulary
    ::2单元 - 词汇

    market - an arrangement that brings sellers and buyers together for economic transactions
    ::市场 -- -- 使买卖双方在经济交易中走到一起的安排

    supply - the total amount of goods and services offered for sale at various prices
    ::供应 -- -- 以各种价格出售的货物和服务总额

    demand - the total amount of goods and services consumers are willing to buy at various prices
    ::消费者愿意以不同价格购买的商品和服务总量

    equilibrium price - the price at which the quantity supplied in the market matches the quantity demanded in the market
    ::平衡价格 -- -- 市场供应量与市场需求量相符的价格

    absolute advantage - condition that occurs when someone can produce goods and services cheaper than other producers
    ::绝对优势 -- -- 某人能够生产比其他生产者更廉价的商品和服务的条件

    comparative advantage - condition that occurs when someone can produce at a lower opportunity cost than other producers
    ::比较优势 -- -- 某人能够以低于其他生产者的机会成本生产时出现的情况

    specialization - the development of skills and knowledge associated with one job or one area of expertise
    ::- 发展与一项工作或一个专业领域相关的技能和知识

    pure competition - a market structure characterized by many producers supplying  the same product  and very few barriers to entry to the market
    ::纯粹竞争----一种市场结构,其特点是许多生产商供应同一产品,进入市场的障碍很少

    monopolistic competition - a market structure characterized by many producers supplying similar but varied products with few barriers to entry to the market
    ::垄断垄断竞争----一种市场结构,其特点是许多生产者供应类似但种类多样的产品,进入市场的障碍很少的市场结构

    oligopoly - a market structure characterized by very few producers supplying similar products with high barriers to entry in the market
    ::寡头垄断 -- -- 市场结构 -- -- 市场结构的特点是很少生产者提供类似的产品,对进入市场设置高壁垒的类似产品

    monopoly - a market structure characterized by one producer with a unique product and very high barriers to entry in the market
    ::垄断――市场结构,一个生产者的特点是产品独特,进入市场的壁垒非常高;

    Unit 2 - Related Vocabulary
    ::第2股 - 相关词汇表

    • quantity demanded / quantity supplied
      ::所需数量/提供数量
    • imports / exports
      ::进口/出口
    • free trade
      ::自由贸易
    • trade barriers
      ::贸易壁垒的贸易壁垒
    • production possibilities curve
      ::生产可能性曲线
    • supply schedule
      ::供应供应时间表
    • demand schedule
      ::需求时间表
    • market structure
      ::市场结构

     How Markets Work
    ::市场如何运作

    Unit 2 TEKS
    ::2 单位2 TEKS

    (2) Economics. The student understands the interaction of supply, demand, and price. The student is expected to:
    :sad2) 经济学:学生了解供应、需求和价格的相互作用,预期学生将:

    (A) understand the effect of changes in price on the quantity demanded and quantity supplied;
    :sadA) 了解价格变动对所需数量和供应数量的影响;

    (B) identify the non-price determinants that create changes in supply and demand, which result in a new equilibrium price; and
    :sadB) 查明造成供求变化的非价格决定因素,从而导致新的平衡价格;

    (C) interpret a supply-and-demand graph using supply-and-demand schedules.
    :sadC) 使用供需时间表解释供需图表。

    (3) Economics. The student understands the reasons for international trade and its importance to the United States and the global economy. The student is expect to:
    :sad3) 经济学. 学生理解国际贸易的原因及其对美国和全球经济的重要性。

    (A) apply the concepts of absolute and comparative advantages;
    :sadA) 适用绝对和相对优势的概念;

    (B) compare the effects of free trade and trade barriers on economic activities, including the benefits and costs of participating in international trade; and
    :sadB) 比较自由贸易和贸易壁垒对经济活动的影响,包括参加国际贸易的好处和费用;

    (C) analyze the effects of changes in exchange rates on imports and exports.
    :sadC) 分析汇率变化对进出口的影响。

    ( 8) Economics. The student understands types of market structures. The student is expected to:
    :sad8) 经济学. 学生理解市场结构的类型。

    (A) describe the characteristics and give examples of pure competitions, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly; and
    :sadA) 描述纯竞争、垄断竞争、寡头垄断和垄断的特点并举例说明;

    (B) identify regulations that apply to the establishment and operation of various types of market structures.
    :sadB) 确定适用于各类市场结构的建立和运作的规则。

    (10) Economics. The student understands key components of economic growth. The student is expected to:
    :sad10) 经济学:学生理解经济增长的关键组成部分。

    (A) analyze how productivity relates to growth;
    :sadA) 分析生产力与增长的关系;

    (B) analyze how technology relates to growth; and
    :sadB) 分析技术与增长的关系;以及

    (C) analyze how trade relates to growth.
    :sadC) 分析贸易与增长的关系。