章节大纲

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  • 能源形式

    Musician performing on stage with electric guitar, colorful lights illuminating the scene.

    This musician’s electric guitar wails at a concert, as colored lights wash over the band. It’s hot on stage because of the lights, but they really add to the show. The fans are thrilled and screaming with excitement. The exciting concert wouldn’t be possible without several different forms of . Do you know what they are?
    ::这个音乐家在音乐会上用电吉他敲响了音乐会的声音,因为彩色的灯光冲洗了乐队。 因为灯光,舞台很热,但是他们真的增加了节目内容。 歌迷们激动人心,激动人心地尖叫着。 没有几种不同的形式,这个激动人心的音乐会是不可能的。 你知道他们是什么吗?

    Introducing Forms of Energy
    ::引进能源形式

    Energy, or the ability to cause changes in matter, can exist in many different forms. Energy can also change from one form to another. The photo above of the guitar player represents six forms of energy: mechanical, chemical, electrical, light, thermal, and sound energy . Another form of energy is nuclear energy . 
    ::能源或改变物质的能力可以多种不同的形式存在。 能源也可以从一种形式变化到另一种形式。 吉他播放器上面的照片代表六种形式的能源:机械、化学、电气、光、热能和声能。 另一种形式的能源是核能。

    Q: Can you find the six different forms of energy in the photo of the guitar player (See opening image)?
    ::问:在吉他手的照片中, 你能找到六种不同的能量形式吗?

    A: The guitarist uses mechanical energy to pluck the strings of the guitar. He gets the energy he needs to perform from chemical energy in food he ate earlier in the day. The stage lights use electrical energy , which they change to light energy and (commonly called heat). The guitar produces sound energy when the guitarist plucks the strings.
    ::A:吉他手用机械能量来拉动吉他弦。他需要的能量来自他当天早些时候吃的食品中的化学能量。 舞台灯使用电能,它们变成轻能和(通常称为热能 ) 。 当吉他手拔出琴弦时,吉他能产生声音能量。

    Seven Forms of Energy
    ::七种能源形式

    The different forms of energy are defined and illustrated below. 
    ::下文对不同形式的能源作了界定和说明。

    1. Mechanical energy is the energy of movement. It is found in objects that are moving or have the potential to move.
    ::1. 机械能源是运动的能量,存在于移动或有移动潜力的物体中。

    A drummer energetically playing the drums, demonstrating mechanical energy through movement.

    This drummer has mechanical energy as he moves the drumsticks to hit the drums and cymbals. The moving drumsticks also have mechanical energy, but they would have mechanical energy even if they weren't moving. That's because they have the potential to fall when the drummer is holding them above the floor. This potential energy is due to gravity.
    ::这个鼓手有机械能量,因为他移动鼓棒打鼓和。移动的鼓棒也有机械能量,但是即使它们不移动,它们也会有机械能量。这是因为当鼓手将鼓棒压在地上时,它们有可能坠落。这种潜在的能量是重力造成的。

    2. Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds between the atoms of compounds. If the bonds are broken, the energy is released and can be converted to other forms of energy.
    ::2. 化学能源是储存在化合物原子之间的介质中的能源,如果该介质被打破,能源就会释放出来,并可以转换成其他形式的能源。

    A guitar amplifier and a battery, representing chemical and electrical energy.

    This portable guitar amplifier can run on batteries. Batteries store chemical energy and change it to electrical energy.
    ::这个便携式吉他放大器可以用电池操作,电池储存化学能量,改用电能。

    3. Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons. Electrons flow through wires to create electric current .
    ::3. 电能是移动电子的能量,电子通过电线流产生电流。

    Musicians playing electric guitars on stage with colorful lights and vibrant atmosphere.

    The bright lights on this stage use electrical energy. They are wired into the electrical system of the of the hall. The guitars and microphone also use electrical energy. You can see the electrical cords running from them to the outlet on the floor below the musicians.
    ::这个阶段的亮光使用电能。 它们被连接到大厅的电系统, 吉他和麦克风也使用电能。 您可以看到电线从它们跑到音乐家下面的楼下。

    4. Electromagnetic energy is energy that travels through space as electrical and magnetic waves. The light flooding the stage in the Figure is one type of electromagnetic energy. Other types include , , X rays, and .
    ::4. 电磁能是作为电波和磁波在空间中穿行的能量,图中的光淹没了阶段,是电磁能的一种类型,其他类型包括,X射线和。

    5. Thermal energy is the energy of moving atoms of matter. All matter has thermal energy because atoms of all matter are constantly moving. An object with more mass has greater thermal energy than an object with less mass because it has more atoms.
    ::5. 热能是移动物质原子的能量,所有物质都有热能,因为所有物质的原子都在不断移动,质量较大的物体的热能比质量较小的物体的热能更大,因为它有更多的原子。

    A jogger wipes sweat from his forehead, showing signs of exertion and heat.

    Why is this jogger sweating so much? His shirt is soaking up his sweat because he has so much thermal energy. The jogger is hot because of the heat from the sun and the hard work he puts into his run.
    ::为什么这个慢跑者出这么多汗?他的衬衫浸泡在汗水中,因为他有这么多热能。 慢跑者是热的,因为太阳的热量和他辛勤工作。

    6. Sound energy is a form of mechanical energy that starts with a vibration in matter. For example, the singer’s voice starts with vibrations of his vocal cords, which are folds of tissue in his throat. The vibrations pass to surrounding particles of matter and then from one particle to another in waves. can travel through air, water, and other substances, but not through empty space.
    ::6. 声音能量是机械能源的一种形式,从物质的振动开始,例如,歌手的声音从他的声带的振动开始,这是他喉咙的组织折叠,震动传到物质周围的粒子,然后从一个粒子传到另一个粒子的波浪中,可以穿过空气、水和其他物质,但不能通过空空空间。

    7. Nuclear energy is energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms because of the strong forces that hold the nucleus together. The energy can be released in nuclear power plants by splitting nuclei apart. It is also released when unstable (radioactive) nuclei break down, or decay.
    ::7. 核能是原子核心中储存的能源,因为有强大的力量将核核聚在一起,核电站可以通过将核聚变分开而释放出核能,在不稳定(放射性)核破裂或衰变时也释放出核能。

    Q: The fans at a rock concert also produce or use several forms of energy. What are they?
    ::问:摇滚音乐会的歌迷也生产或使用多种能源。它们是什么?

    A: The fans see the concert because of electromagnetic energy (light) that enters their eyes from the well-lit musicians on stage. They hear the music because of the sound energy that reaches their ears from the amplifiers. They use mechanical energy when they clap their hands and jump from their seats in excitement. Their bodies generate thermal energy , using the chemical energy stored in food they have eaten.
    ::A:粉丝们看到音乐会是因为电磁能量(光)从舞台上的利特音乐家的眼中进入他们的视线。他们听到音乐是因为扩音器的听力。当他们拍手时,他们用机械能量从座位上跳下,激动人心。他们的身体产生热能,用他们所吃的食物中储存的化学能量。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Energy, or the ability to cause changes in matter, can exist in many different forms. Energy can also change from one form to another.
      ::能源或改变物质的能力可以多种不同的形式存在。 能源也可以从一种形式变化到另一种形式。
    • Forms of energy include mechanical, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, thermal, sound, and nuclear energy.
      ::能源形式包括机械、化学、电气、电磁、热、声音和核能。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Make a table of forms of energy. In your table, list and define five of the forms of energy described in this article. Include an example of each form.
      ::绘制一个能源形式的表格。在表格中列出和定义本条所述的五种能源形式,并举例说明每一种形式。
    2. Identify three different forms of energy represented by the Figure .
      ::确定以图表示的三种不同的能源形式。

    A person playing a saxophone, illustrating sound energy in a music context.