15.5 指挥
Section outline
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Yummy! These cookies look delicious. How did help to bake t hese cookies in the oven? The answer is conduction.
::好吃,这些饼干看起来很好吃 烤箱里这些饼干怎么做的?What Is Conduction?
::什么是"列车"?Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal energy is the total of moving particles of matter, and the transfer of thermal energy is called . Conduction is one of three ways that thermal energy can be transferred (the other ways are and thermal radiation). Thermal energy is always transferred from matter with a higher to matter with a lower temperature.
::电流是感应物质粒子之间的热能转移。热能是物质移动粒子的总和,热能的转移被称为 。电流是热能转移的三种方式之一(其他方式是热辐射 ) 。热能总是从高物质转移到低温物质。Pass It On
::传过To understand how conduction works, you need to think about the tiny particles that make up matter. The particles of all matter are in constant random motion, but the particles of warmer matter have more and move more quickly than the particles of cooler matter. When particles of warmer matter collide with particles of cooler matter, they transfer some of their thermal energy to the cooler particles. From particle to particle, like dominoes falling, thermal energy moves through matter.
::要了解导流如何起作用, 您需要考虑组成物质的微粒。 所有物质的粒子都是在恒定随机运动中, 但更温暖物质的粒子比冷却物质的粒子移动得更快。 当热物质粒子与更冷却物质的粒子相撞时, 它们将一些热能转移到更冷却的粒子上。 从粒子到粒子,比如多米诺粒子,热能通过物质移动。In the opening photo above, conduction occurs between particles of metal in the cookie sheet and anything cooler that comes into contact with it—hopefully, not someone’s bare hands!
::上面的开张照片显示, 饼干板上的金属颗粒与任何更冷却的金属接触之间, 希望不会有人赤手空拳!Examples of Conduction
::行为行为实例The cookie sheet in the opening image transfers thermal energy to the cookies and helps them bake. There are many other common examples of conduction. The Figure shows a few situations in which thermal energy is transferred in this way.
::开张图像中的饼干页将热能传输到饼干上, 并帮助他们烘烤。 还有许多其他常见的导电例子。 图显示了热能以这种方式传输的几种情况 。Hot Iron: A hot iron removes the wrinkles in a shirt. Hot Cocoa: Holding a cup of hot cocoa feels good when you have cold hands. Camp Stove: This camp stove can be used to cook food in a small pot. Snow: Ouch! Can you imagine how cold this snow must feel on bare feet?
::热铁:热铁能消除衬衫上的皱纹。热可可:冷手时,喝杯热可可感觉很好。斯托夫营地:这个营地炉灶可以用来在一个小锅里做饭。雪雪:哦!你能想象这雪会让赤脚感到多冷吗?Q: How is thermal energy transferred in each of the situations pictured in the Figure ?
::问题:在图中描绘的每一种情况下热能是如何转移的?A: Thermal energy is transferred by conduction from the hot iron to the shirt, from the hot cup to the hand holding it, from the flame of the camp stove to the bottom of the pot as well as from the bottom of the pot to the food inside, and from the feet to the snow. The shirt, hand, pot, food, and snow become warmer because of the transferred energy. Because the feet lose thermal energy, they feel colder.
::甲:热铁通过导电将热能从热铁转移到衬衣上,从热杯转到握着热铁的手,从阵营炉火到锅底,从锅底到锅底,从锅底到里面的食物,从脚到雪。衬衫、手、锅、食物和雪因转移能量而变暖。因为脚失去热能,它们感到更冷。Summary
::摘要-
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal energy is always transferred from particles of warmer matter to particles of cooler matter.
::热能从温暖物质的粒子转移到冷却物质的粒子。 -
When particles of warmer matter collide with particles of cooler matter, they transfer some of their thermal energy to the cooler particles.
::当温暖物质的粒子与冷却物质的粒子相撞时,它们将一些热能转移到冷却的粒子上。
Review
::回顾-
What is conduction?
::什么是操控? -
How does conduction occur?
::如何发生行为? -
Describe an original example of conduction.
::描述最初的行为举例。
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Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal energy is always transferred from particles of warmer matter to particles of cooler matter.
