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  • 供暖系统

    Several pairs of feet warming by a roaring fireplace, suggesting cozy winter comfort.

    A roaring blaze in a fireplace is a good way to keep toes toasty on a cold winter day. But you probably wouldn’t use a fireplace to an entire house. Do you know how your home is heated?
    ::壁炉里大喊大叫是让脚趾在寒冬日保持烤烤的好办法。 但你可能不会用壁炉把整个房子都用在壁炉上。 你知道你的家是如何变暖的吗?

    Heating the Home
    ::取暖家庭

    Modern home heating systems keep us comfortable in cold weather. We may even depend on them for our survival. But we often take them for granted. Two common types of home heating systems are hot-water and warm-air heating systems. Both types are described below. 
    ::现代家庭供暖系统使我们在寒冷的天气中舒适,我们甚至可以依靠它们来生存,但我们常常认为它们是理所当然的。两种常见的家庭供暖系统是热水和暖气供暖系统。两种类型都说明如下。

    is the total of moving particles of matter. The transfer of thermal energy is called heat. Therefore, a is a system for the transfer of thermal energy. Regardless of the type of heating system in a home, the basic function is the same: to produce thermal energy and transfer it to air throughout the house.
    ::热能的传输称为热能。因此,热能的传输系统是一个热能的传输系统。不管家庭暖气系统的类型如何,其基本功能是相同的:产生热能并将热能转移到整个住宅的空气中。

    Hot-Water Heating System
    ::热水供暖系统

    A hot-water heating system produces thermal energy to heat water and then pumps the hot water throughout the building in a system of pipes and radiators. You can see a simple diagram of this type of heating system in the Figure .
    ::热水供热系统能产生热能,取暖,然后用管道和散热器抽取整个建筑物的热水。

    • Water is heated in a boiler that burns a fuel such as natural or heating oil. The boiler converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel to thermal energy.
      ::在燃烧天然或供热油等燃料的锅炉中加热水,锅炉将燃料中储存的化学能量转化为热能。
    • The heated water is pumped from the boiler through pipes and radiators throughout the house. There is usually a radiator in each room. The radiators get warm when the hot water flows through them.
      ::从锅炉抽取的加热水通过整个房屋的管道和散热器抽取,每个房间通常都有散热器,热水流过时,散热器会变暖。
    • The warm radiators radiate thermal energy to the air around them. The warm air then circulates throughout the rooms in currents.
      ::温暖的散热器将热能辐射到周围的空气中,温暖的空气以洋流向整个房间循环。
    • The hot water cools as it flows through the system and transfers its thermal energy. When it finally returns to the boiler, it is heated again and the cycle repeats.
      ::热水在通过系统流动和转移热能时冷却。 当热水最终返回锅炉时,再加热,循环又重复。

    A hot-water heating system illustrating the flow between the boiler and radiators.

    Q: Look closely at the hot-water heating system in the Figure . The radiator is a coiled pipe through which hot water flows. What happens to the water as it flows through the radiator? Why is each radiator connected to two pipes? Why can’t water flow directly from one radiator to another through a single pipe?
    ::问题:仔细看一看图中的热水加热系统。 散热器是一条连接热水流的管道。 当水通过散热器时会怎样? 为什么每个散热器都连接到两个管道? 为什么不能通过一个管道直接从一个散热器流到另一个管道?

    A: The radiator is where most of the energy transfer occurs. Water passes through such a great length of pipe in the radiator that it transfers a lot of thermal energy to the radiator. As the water transfers thermal energy, it gets cooler. The cool water flows into a return pipe rather than going directly to another radiator because the cool water no longer has enough thermal energy to heat a room.
    ::A: 散热器是大部分能源转移发生的地方。 水通过散热器中如此长的管道,以至于将大量的热能输送到散热器中。 随着水输送热能,它会变冷。 冷水会流进回流管,而不是直接流到另一个散热器中,因为冷水不再有足够的热能来取暖。

    Warm-Air Heating System
    ::暖气加热系统

    A warm-air heating system uses thermal energy to heat air and then forces the warm air through a system of ducts and registers. You can see a this type of heating system in the Figure .
    ::暖气供热系统利用热能热空气,然后通过管道和登记器系统将热空气压紧。您可以在图中看到这种供暖系统。

    • The air is heated in a furnace that burns fuel such as natural gas, propane, or heating oil.
      ::在燃烧天然气、丙烷或供热油等燃料的炉子中加热空气。
    • After the air gets warm, a fan blows it through the ducts and out through the registers that are located in each room.
      ::空气变暖后 风扇通过管子吹出来 然后通过每个房间的登记簿吹出来
    • Warm air blowing out of a register moves across the room, pushing cold air out of the way.
      ::从登记簿上吹出的温暖空气穿过房间,将冷空气推开。
    • The cold air enters a return register across the room and returns to the furnace with the help of another fan.
      ::冷空气进入房间对面的回程登记簿,并在另一个风扇的帮助下返回炉子。
    • In the furnace, the cold air is heated, and the cycle repeats.
      ::在熔炉里,冷空气被加热,循环重复。

    Warm-air heating system showing furnace, ducts, and air flow directions.

    Warm-air heating system.
    ::暖气供暖系统

    Q: How does a home heating system “know” when to run and when to stop running?
    ::问题:家庭供暖系统如何“知道”何时运行和何时停止运行?

    A: A home heating system is turned on or off by a thermostat .
    ::A:自动调温器打开或关闭家庭供暖系统。

    How a Thermostat Works
    ::自动自动调温器如何工作

    A thermostat , like the one seen in the Figure , is an important part of any home heating system. It is like the “brain” of the entire system. It constantly monitors the in the home and “tells” the boiler or furnace when to turn on or off. The thermostat is set at a selected temperature, say 71 °F. When the temperature in the home starts to fall below this point, the thermostat triggers the boiler or furnace to start running. When the temperature starts to rise above this point, the thermostat triggers the boiler or furnace to stop running. In this way, the thermostat maintains the home’s temperature at the set point.
    ::自动调温器,就像图中看到的一样,是任何家庭供暖系统的一个重要部分。它就像整个系统的“脑部 ” 。它经常监测家庭内部的热量,并“提示”锅炉或锅炉的开关或关机。自动调温器设置在选定的温度,比如71°F。当家庭温度开始下降到这个点以下时,自动调温器触发锅炉或炉子开始运行。当温度开始高于这个点时,自动调温器触发锅炉或炉灶停止运行。 这样,自动调温器在设定点保持家庭温度。

    Digital thermostat showing temperature settings and time for a heating system.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Types of home heating systems include hot-water, warm-air, and solar heating systems. All of them have the same basic function: producing thermal energy and transferring it to air throughout the house.
      ::家庭供暖系统的类型包括热水、暖气和太阳能供暖系统,所有这些系统都具有相同的基本功能:生产热能并将热能转移到整个住宅的空气中。
    • A hot-water heating system burns fuel in a boiler to produce thermal energy. The thermal energy is used to heat water, which is pumped through a system of pipes and radiators.
      ::热水供热系统在锅炉中燃烧燃料,产生热能,热能用于热水,通过管道和散热器抽水。
    • A warm-air heating system burns fuel in a furnace to produce thermal energy. The thermal energy is used to heat air, which is forced through a system of ducts and registers.
      ::暖气供热系统在炉子中燃烧燃料,以产生热能,热能用于加热空气,通过管道和登记册系统强制加热空气。
    • A thermostat controls a home heating system. It monitors the home’s temperature and triggers the boiler or furnace to turn on or off to keep the temperature at a set point.
      ::自动调温器控制家用供暖系统,监测家用温度,触发锅炉或锅炉开关或关关,以保持定点温度。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the basic function of any home heating system?
      ::任何家庭供暖系统的基本功能是什么?
    2. Create a table comparing and contrasting hot-water and forced-air heating systems.
      ::建立一个比较和对比热水和强迫空气供暖系统的表格。
    3. Try to identify the type of heating system (if any) where you live.
      ::尝试确定您住在哪里的供暖系统类型(如果有的话)。