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  • General

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  • 外部燃烧引擎

    An early automobile with its inventor and wife driving to Mount Washington in 1899.

    This picture was taken in 1899 (the color was added later). The picture shows the inventor of an early automobile, along with his wife, driving one of his inventions. The man and woman were on their way to the top of Mount Washington, the highest mountain in the eastern U.S. The purpose of the trip up the mountain was to get publicity for the steam-powered automobile. The inventor and his wife were the first people to ever reach the top of the mountain by car. Steam engines are not used very much anymore, because more efficient and powerful engines have been developed. But inventors and engineers learned a lot from these early combustion engines.
    ::这张照片是1899年拍摄的(颜色是后来添加的)。图片显示了早期汽车发明者及其妻子一起驾驶他的发明之一。男男女女正在前往美国东部最高山峰华盛顿峰顶的路上。登山的目的是宣传蒸汽动力汽车。发明者和他的妻子是最早乘车到达山顶的人。蒸气引擎已经不再使用,因为已经开发出更高效、更强大的引擎。但是发明者和工程师从这些早期燃烧引擎学到了很多东西。

    Q: How else were steam engines used?
    ::问题:蒸汽发动机如何使用?

    A: Starting in the 1700s and up until the early 1900s, steam engines were commonly used to run factory machines, train locomotives, and ships. Their power led to a revolution in industry and transportation.
    ::A:从1700年代开始直到1900年代初,蒸汽发动机通常被用于操作工厂机器、火车机车和船舶。 其动力导致了工业和运输革命。

    What Is a Combustion Engine?
    ::什么是燃烧引擎?

    A combustion engine is a complex that burns fuel to produce and then uses the thermal energy to do work. There are two types of combustion engines: external and internal. A steam engine is an .
    ::燃烧引擎是一个综合体,燃烧燃料来生产燃料,然后利用热能来工作。 燃烧引擎有两种类型:外部和内部。 蒸汽发动机是一台。

    How External Combustion Engines Work
    ::外部燃烧引擎如何工作

    An external combustion engine burns fuel externally, or outside the engine. The burning fuel releases thermal energy, which is used to water and change it to steam. The pressure of the steam moves a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. The of the moving piston can be used to turn a vehicle’s wheels, a turbine, or other mechanical device. The Figure explains in greater detail how this type of engine works. 
    ::外部燃烧引擎在外部或引擎外燃烧燃料。 燃烧燃料释放热能,用于水和改变蒸汽。 蒸汽的压力使活塞在气瓶内回转动。 移动活塞的活塞可以用来旋转车辆的轮子、涡轮或其他机械装置。 图中更详细地解释了这类发动机是如何工作的。

    Diagram explaining how an external combustion engine operates using steam to move a piston.

    Q: What type of does the piston have when it moves back and forth inside the cylinder?
    ::问题:当活塞在圆柱内回转时,它有哪种类型的活塞?

    A: Like anything else that is moving, the moving piston has kinetic energy.
    ::A:就像任何其他移动的东西一样,动动活塞有动能。

    Launch the simulation below to explore how  a heat engine converts heat from firewood into useful work like pumping water out of the ground:
    ::热引擎如何将柴火的热能转换成有用的工作,

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the thermal energy to do work.
      ::燃烧机是一种复杂的机器,燃烧燃料,以产生热能,然后利用热能来工作。
    • An external combustion engine burns fuel externally, or outside the engine.
      ::外部燃烧机在外部或引擎外燃烧燃料。
    • An external combustion engine burns fuel to heat water and produce steam. The steam is under pressure and is used to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. As the piston moves back and forth, it moves a piston rod, which can do work.
      ::外部燃烧引擎燃烧燃料,以加热水和产生蒸汽,蒸汽在压力下,用来将活塞反倒推入气瓶内。当活塞向回移动时,它会移动活塞棒,可以起作用。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Define combustion engine.
      ::定义燃烧引擎。
    2. What is an external combustion engine?
      ::什么是外部燃烧引擎?
    3. Explain how an external combustion engine works. 
      ::解释一个外部燃烧引擎如何运作。