15.12 内部燃烧引擎
Section outline
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This race car isn’t really burning up the road. The flames were added digitally to suggest that the car is zooming down the road at a high rate of . A race car can move so fast because it has a powerful combustion engine .
::这辆赛车并没有真正在公路上燃烧。 火焰从数字上被添加到数字上,表明汽车正在以高速放大道路。 赛车可以移动得如此快,因为它有强大的燃烧引擎。Introducing Combustion Engines
::引入燃烧引擎A combustion engine is a complex that burns fuel to produce and then uses the to do work. In a car, the engine does the work of providing that turns the wheels. The combustion engine in a car is a type of engine called an . (Another type of combustion engine is an .)
::燃烧引擎是一个综合体,它燃烧燃料,生产燃料,然后使用燃料来工作。在汽车中,发动机提供使轮子转动的引擎。汽车中的燃烧引擎是一种称为.(另一种燃烧引擎是.)的发动机。How Internal Combustion Engines Work
::内部燃烧引擎如何运作An internal combustion engine burns fuel internally, or inside the engine. This type of engine is found not only in cars but in most other motor vehicles as well. The engine works in a series of steps, which keep repeating. You can follow the steps in the Figure .
::内燃机在内部或发动机内燃烧燃料。这类发动机不仅在汽车中,而且在大多数其他机动车辆中都有。发动机以一系列步骤工作,并不断重复。您可以跟踪图中的步骤。-
A
of fuel and air is pulled-into a cylinder through a valve, which then closes.
::燃料和空气的A通过一个阀门拉入一个气瓶,然后关闭。 -
A piston inside the cylinder moves upward, compressing the fuel-air mixture in the closed cylinder. The mixture is now under a lot of
pressure
and very warm.
::气瓶内的活塞向上移动,将油气混合物压缩在封闭的气瓶中,该混合物目前受到很大压力和非常温暖。 -
A spark from a spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture, causing it to burn explosively within the confined space of the closed cylinder.
::火花塞的火花点燃了燃料空气混合物,导致该混合物在封闭气瓶的封闭空间内爆炸燃烧。 -
The pressure of the hot
from combustion pushes the piston downward.
::燃烧产生的热气压将活塞推向下。 -
The piston moves up again, pushing exhaust gases out of the cylinder through another valve.
::活塞再次上升 将废气从气瓶里推出 通过另一个阀门 -
The piston moves downward again, and the cycle repeats.
::活塞再次向下移动 循环重复
Q: The internal combustion engine converts thermal energy to another form of energy. Which form of energy is it?
::问题:内燃机将热能转换成另一种能源。哪种能源形式?A: The engine converts thermal energy to kinetic energy, or the energy of a moving object—in this case, the moving piston.
::A:发动机将热能转换为动能,或移动物体的能量——此处指移动活塞。How Energy from the Engine Turns the Wheels
::引擎的能源如何转动轮子In a car, the piston in the engine is connected by the piston rod to the crankshaft. The crankshaft rotates when the piston moves up and down. The crankshaft, in turn, is connected to the driveshaft. When the crankshaft rotates, so does the driveshaft. The rotating driveshaft turns the wheels of the car.
::在一辆汽车里,发动机中的活塞用活塞棒连接到曲柄沙夫。 当活塞上下移动时,曲柄沙夫会旋转。 曲柄沙夫则反过来连接到驱动片沙夫。 当曲柄沙夫旋转时, 驱动片沙夫也这样。 旋转的驱动片沙夫会旋转汽车的轮子。How Many Cylinders?
::有多少圆柱子?Most cars have at least four cylinders connected to the crankshaft. Their pistons move up and down in sequence, one after the other. A powerful car may have eight pistons, and some race cars may have even more. The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
::多数汽车至少有四个气瓶与曲柄裂接通。 它们的活塞按顺序向上和向下移动,一个接一个接一个接一个。 强大的汽车可能拥有八个活塞,而一些赛车可能拥有更多。 汽车发动机的气瓶越多,引擎的力量就越大。Summary
::摘要-
A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the energy to do work. An internal combustion engine burns fuel internally, or inside the engine.
::燃烧机是一台复杂的机器,燃烧燃料以产生热能,然后利用能源来工作。 内燃机在内部或发动机内燃烧燃料。 -
In an internal combustion engine, a mixture of fuel and air is burned in a closed cylinder, forcing a piston to move up and down.
::在内燃机中,燃料和空气混合在封闭的气瓶中燃烧,迫使活塞上下移动。 -
In a car, the moving piston rotates a crankshaft, which turns a driveshaft. The turning driveshaft causes the wheels of the car to turn.
::在一辆汽车里,移动的活塞旋转着一个曲柄,旋转着一个旋转着的车头。旋转着的驱动器使车轮转向。
Review
::回顾-
What is a combustion engine? What is an internal combustion engine?
::什么是燃烧引擎? -
Explain how an internal combustion engine works.
::解释内燃机如何运作。 -
Describe how kinetic energy from a car engine is used to turn the wheels of the car.
::描述汽车发动机的动能是如何用来转变汽车轮子的。
-
A
of fuel and air is pulled-into a cylinder through a valve, which then closes.
