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  • General

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  • 波长

    A close-up of an eye with digitally enhanced colors representing different wavelengths of light.

    Nobody really has such colorful eyes! The colors were added digitally after the photo was taken. They represent all the different colors of light. Light is a form of that travels in waves. Light of different colors has different wavelengths.
    ::没有人真的有如此多色的眼睛! 照片拍摄后, 颜色以数字方式被添加。 它们代表了所有不同的光的颜色。 光是这种光在波浪中穿行的一种形式。 不同颜色的光有不同的波长 。

    Defining Wavelength
    ::界定波长

    Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, and it is usually measured in meters. How it is measured is a little different for transverse and longitudinal waves.
    ::波长是测量波浪大小的一种方法。它是相邻波浪的两个对应点之间的一个,通常用米测量。对于横向波和纵向波,测量波长的方式略有不同。

    • In a , particles of the medium vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. The wavelength of a transverse wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent crests, or high points, as shown in the Figure .
      ::在 a 中,介质振动的粒子向上和向下以右角度向波向移动的方向移动。如图所示,横向波波的波长可测量为两个相邻的顶峰或高点之间的距离。

    The wavelength of a transverse wave, marked by adjacent crests.

     

    • In a , particles of matter vibrate back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels. The wavelength of a longitudinal wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent compressions, as shown in the Figure . Compressions are the places where particles of the medium crowd close together as the energy of the wave passes through.
      ::在一个物质粒子中,物质粒子向来振动,与波浪移动的方向相同。如图所示,纵向波浪的波长可以测量为两个相邻压缩之间的距离。压缩是随着波浪能量的穿透,中层人群粒子相近的地方。

    A longitudinal wave with labeled compressions highlighting wavelength measurement.

    Wavelength and Wave Energy
    ::波长和波浪能

    The wavelength of a wave is related to the wave’s energy. Short-wavelength waves have more energy than long-wavelength waves of the same amplitude . (Amplitude is a measure of how far particles of the medium move up and down or back and forth when a wave passes through them.) You can see examples of transverse waves with shorter and longer wavelengths in the Figure .
    ::一个波的波长与波的能量有关。 短波波的能量比同一振幅的长波波的能量要大。 (调幅是衡量一个波通过时介质向上、向下或向后或向外移动的粒子的尺度。 )你可以看到图中波长较短的横波的例子。

    Examples of transverse waves showing different wavelengths, illustrating wave energy concepts.

    Q: Of all the colors of visible light , red light has the longest wavelength and violet light has the shortest wavelength. Which color of light has the greatest energy?
    ::问题:在所有可见光的颜色中,红光有最长的波长,紫色光有最短的波长。哪一种光有最大的能量?

    A: Violet light has the greatest energy because it has the shortest wavelength.
    ::甲:紫光的能量最大,因为它的波长最短。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, usually measured in meters.
      ::波长是测量波浪大小的一种方法。它是相邻波浪的两个对应点之间的距离,通常以米计。
    • The wavelength of a transverse wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent crests. The wavelength of a longitudinal wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent compressions.
      ::横向波的波长可以测量为两个相邻的顶峰之间的距离。纵向波的波长可以测量为两个相邻压缩之间的距离。
    • Short-wavelength waves have more energy than long-wavelength waves of the same amplitude.
      ::短波的能量比同一振幅的长波波的能量要大。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the wavelength of a wave?
      ::一个波的波长是什么?
    2. Draw a simple transverse wave and label the wavelength.
      ::绘制简单的横跨波并标注波长。