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  • General

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  • 听力损失

    A lively crowd at a sports game, enthusiastically cheering and celebrating.

    The noise of a cheering crowd at a game can be deafening! Really.
    ::在比赛中欢呼的人群的噪音会震耳欲聋!真的!

    The Ear and Hearing
    ::故你当耳听,当耳听,当耳听,当耳听,

    The ear is a complex organ that senses sound energy so we can hear. Hearing is the ability to sense sound energy and perceive sound. All of the structures of the ear that are involved in hearing must work well for a person to have normal hearing. Damage to any of the structures, through illness or injury, may cause hearing loss. Total hearing loss is called deafness. 
    ::听力是感知声音能量和感知声音的能力; 听力是感知声音的能力; 听力涉及的所有耳朵结构必须运作良好,这样一个人才能有正常的听力; 任何结构因疾病或受伤而受损,都可能造成听力损失; 完全听力损失被称为耳聋。

    Loud Sounds
    ::音响响响音响

    The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. Loud sounds can damage hair cells inside the ears. Hair cells change to electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sounds. Louder sounds, which have greater intensity than softer sounds, can damage hair cells more quickly than softer sounds. You can see the relationship between sound intensity, exposure time, and hearing loss in the following Figure . The intensity of sounds is measured in decibels (dB).
    ::听力损失的最常见原因是接触响声。 响声会破坏耳朵内的发发细胞。 发型细胞会变成大脑可以解读为声音的电信号。 声音的强度大于声音,声音的破坏速度会比声音柔软更快。 您可以在下图中看到声音强度、 照射时间和听力损失之间的关系。 声音的强度用除颤器( dB) 来测量。

    Table showing sound levels in decibels and corresponding safe exposure times.

    Q: What is the maximum amount of time you should be exposed to a sound as intense as 100 dB? What might make a sound this intense?
    ::问题:你应该接触100 dB这么强烈的音响的最大时间是多少? 是什么能使这种声音如此强烈?

    A: You should be exposed to a 100-dB sound for no longer than 15 minutes. An example of a sound this intense is the sound of a car horn.
    ::答:你应该接触100DB的声音不超过15分钟。这种强烈的声音的一个例子是汽车喇叭的声音。

    Shhhh!
    ::嘘!

    Hearing loss caused by loud sounds is permanent. However, this type of hearing loss can be prevented by protecting the ears from loud sounds. People who work in jobs that expose them to loud sounds must wear hearing protectors. Examples include construction workers who work around loud machinery for many hours each day. But anyone exposed to loud sounds for longer than the permissible exposure time should wear hearing protectors. Many home and yard chores and even recreational activities are loud enough to cause hearing loss if people are exposed to them for too much time. You can see examples in the Figure .
    ::然而,这种听力损失可以通过保护耳朵不受响声的侵扰来预防。那些在有声响工作的人必须戴护听器。例子包括每天在响声机器周围工作数小时的建筑工人。但是,任何接触响声超过允许接触时间的人都应该戴护听器。许多家务和庭院工作,甚至娱乐活动,如果人们接触听力损失的时间过长,就足以造成听力损失。你可以看到图中的例子。

    Three workers using hearing protection: a construction worker, a lawn mower, and a snowmobiler.

    These activities expose people to dangerously loud sounds that can cause hearing loss.
    ::这些活动使人们面临危险的响声,这可能造成听力损失。

    How Hearing Protectors Work
    ::助听保护人如何工作

    You can see two different types of hearing protectors in the Figure . Earplugs are simple hearing protectors that just muffle sounds by partially blocking all sound waves from entering the ears. This type of hearing protector is suitable for lower noise levels, such as the noise of a lawnmower or snowmobile.
    ::您可以在图中看到两种不同的助听器。 耳塞是简单的助听器,只要通过部分阻塞所有声波进入耳中来发出微弱的声音。 这种助听器适合低噪音水平, 如草坪或雪地移动器的噪音 。

    Electronic ear protectors work differently. They identify high- amplitude sound waves and send sound waves through them in the opposite direction. This causes destructive interference with the waves, which reduces their amplitude to zero or nearly zero. This changes even the loudest sounds to just a soft hiss. Sounds that people need to hear, such as the voices of co-workers, are not interfered with in this way and may be amplified instead so they can be heard more clearly. This type of hearing protector is recommended for higher noise levels and situations where it’s important to be able to hear lower- decibel sounds.
    ::电子耳保护器的工作方式不同。 它们识别高频声波,向相反的方向发出声波。 这给波浪造成了破坏性干扰,将振幅降低到零或近乎零。 这甚至改变了声音最响亮的音响,只令他柔软。 人们需要听到的声音,如同事的声音,并没有以这种方式受到干扰,反而可能会被放大,以便更清晰地听到。 这种听力保护器被推荐用于更高的噪音水平和能够听到低度暗语声音的情况。

    Comparison of earplugs and electronic hearing protectors with descriptions of their functions.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Hearing is the ability to sense sound energy and perceive sound. The ear is the organ that senses sound and allows us to hear. Damage to structures of the ear may cause hearing loss. Total hearing loss is called deafness.
      ::听力是感知声音的能量和感知声音的能力,耳是能感知声音和使我们听力的器官,耳结构的损伤可能导致听力丧失,听力完全丧失被称为耳聋。
    • The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. Loud sounds damage hair cells in the ear that are needed for hearing. Louder sounds damage hair cells more quickly than softer sounds.
      ::听力损失的最常见原因是接触响声。 耳耳中响起的响声会损坏耳部的毛发细胞,听力需要。 大声声声会破坏发型细胞,听力会比听力更柔软更快。
    • Hearing loss caused by loud sounds can be prevented by protecting the ears from loud sounds with hearing protectors. They keep sound waves out of the ears or reduce the amplitude of sound waves.
      ::声音响起造成的听力损失可以通过保护耳朵不受听力保护者的响声影响来防止。 听力保护者将声音波从耳朵中移开,或减少声波的振幅。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is hearing?
      ::听到什么声音了?
    2. How is deafness defined?
      ::聋哑的定义如何?
    3. How can loud sounds, like a cheering crowd at a game, contribute to hearing loss?
      ::响亮的声音,像在游戏中欢呼的人群, 怎么会导致听力丧失呢?
    4. Write a public service announcement explaining how and why to protect the ears from loud sounds.
      ::写一篇公益告示, 解释如何及为何保护耳朵不受响声影响。