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  • General

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  • 音乐乐器

    A colorful drummer in traditional attire plays a vibrant drum during a festive performance.

    Do you ever see a colorful drum like this one before? It’s a traditional musical instrument of Uruguay. The drummer is equally colorful. Each time he strikes the drum, it produces a loud, pounding sound. There are hundreds of different kinds of musical instruments, from drums to horns to stringed instruments. Would it surprise you to learn that all of them make sound in the same basic way?
    ::你以前有没有见过这种多彩的鼓?这是乌拉圭的传统乐器。鼓手同样多彩。每次鼓手敲鼓时,都会发出响亮的响声。 从鼓、喇叭、弦乐器到弦乐器都有数百种不同的乐器。 得知它们都以同样基本的方式发出声音,你会感到惊讶吗?

    Making Music
    ::音乐制作

    People have been using sound to make music for thousands of years. They have invented many different kinds of musical instruments. Despite their diversity, however, musical instruments share certain similarities.
    ::数千年来人们一直在使用声音制造音乐,他们发明了多种不同的乐器。 然而,尽管他们多种多样,但乐器也有一些相似之处。

    • All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start moving through the air.
      ::所有乐器通过震动物质产生声音。震动开始在空气中移动。
    • Most musical instruments use resonance to amplify the sound waves and make the sounds louder. Resonance occurs when an object vibrates in response to sound waves of a certain frequency. In a musical instrument such as a drum, the whole instrument and the air inside it may vibrate when the head of the drum is struck.
      ::大多数乐器都用共鸣来放大声波,使声音更响亮。当物体因某一频率的声波而振动时,就会发生共振。在鼓等乐器中,鼓头被敲响时,整个乐器和里面的空气可能会振动。
    • Most musical instruments have a way of changing the frequency of the sound waves they produce. This changes the pitch of the sounds, or how high or low the sounds seem to a listener.
      ::大多数乐器都有改变它们产生的声波频率的方法。 这改变了声音的声调,或者声音对听众来说有多高或低。

    Categories of Musical Instruments
    ::音乐乐器类别

    There are three basic categories of musical instruments: percussion, wind, and stringed instruments. You can read in the Figure how instruments in each category make sound and change pitch.
    ::音乐乐器有三个基本类别:冲击、风和弦乐器。您可以在图中看到每个类别的乐器如何产生声音和改变投球。

    Three musicians playing a xylophone, clarinet, and cello, representing different instrument categories.
    (left) A xylophone is a percussion instrument; each metal plate has a different length and emits a different pitch when struck. (center) A clarinet is a wind instrument; changing which holes are covered on the instrument changes the pitch of sound emitted. (right) A cello is a string instrument. When the string is pressed to the neck of the cello the length of string that can vibrate changes, modifying the pitch it creates when the bow is drawn across to vibrate the string.

    Q: Can you name other instruments in each of the three categories of musical instruments?
    ::问题:您能否在三类乐器中列出其他乐器名称?

    A: Other percussion instruments include drums and cymbals. Other wind instruments include trumpets and flutes. Other stringed instruments include guitars and harps.
    ::A:其他震动仪器包括鼓和,其他风力仪器包括喇叭和笛子,其他弦仪器包括吉他和竖琴。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. Most musical instruments use resonance to amplify sound waves and make sounds louder. Most musical instruments also have a way of changing the frequency of sound waves, which changes the pitch of the sounds.
      ::所有乐器都通过引起物质振动来创造声音。 大多数乐器都利用共振来放大声波,使声音更响亮。 大多数乐器也有改变声波频率的方法,这改变了声波的声调。
    • There are three basic categories of musical instruments: percussion instruments such as xylophones, wind instruments such as clarinets, and stringed instruments such as violins.
      ::乐器有三种基本类型:感应器,如xylophones,风器,如单簧管,弦乐器,如小提琴。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. List three properties of most musical instruments.
      ::列出大多数乐器的三个属性。
    2. Define resonance. How is resonance used in musical instruments?
      ::如何在乐器中使用共鸣?
    3. Identify the three basic categories of musical instruments.
      ::确定乐器的三个基本类别。
    4. What is your favorite musical instrument? In which category does it belong? How do you think it makes sounds and changes pitch?
      ::你最喜欢的乐器是什么? 它属于哪一类? 你认为它如何发出声音和改变投球?