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  • General

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  • 电电电和电电部队

    A lightning bolt striking over a city skyline during a thunderstorm.

    A lightning bolt is like the spark that gives you a shock when you touch a metal doorknob. Of course, the lightning bolt is on a much larger scale. But both the lightning bolt and spark are a sudden transfer of electric charge .
    ::闪电闪电就像触碰金属门把手时让你震惊的火花。 当然,闪电闪电的规模要大得多。但闪电闪电和火花都是电荷的突然转移。

    Introducing Electric Charge
    ::引进电电电

    Electric charge is a physical property of particles or objects that causes them to attract or repel each other without touching. All electric charge is based on the and electrons in atoms. A proton has a positive electric charge, and an has a negative electric charge. In the Figure , you can see that positively charged protons (+) are located in the nucleus of the , while negatively charged electrons (-) move around the nucleus.
    ::电荷是粒子或物体的物理属性,这些粒子或物体导致它们不触碰地相互吸引或击退。所有电荷都以原子和电子为基础。质子有正电荷,负电荷。在图中,可以看到正电质子(+)位于核的核心,而负电电子(-)在核周围移动。

    An atom with protons in the nucleus and orbiting electrons.

    Electric Force
    ::电电力

    When it comes to electric charges, opposites attract, so positive and negative particles attract each other. You can see this in the Figure . This attraction explains why negative electrons keep moving around the positive nucleus of the atom. Like charges, on the other hand, repel each other, so two positive or two negative charges push apart. This is also shown in the diagram. The attraction or repulsion between charged particles is called electric force . The strength of electric force depends on the amount of electric charge on the particles and the between them. Larger charges or shorter distances result in greater force. 
    ::当涉及到电费时,反向吸引,正和负粒子相互吸引。您可以在图中看到这一点。这个吸引可以解释负电子在原子正核周围移动的原因。像电费一样,相互击退,所以两个负电费或两个负电费被分开。图中也显示了这一点。电费粒子之间的吸引或击退被称为电力。电力的强度取决于粒子和它们之间的电费数量。更大的电费或更短的距离导致更大的力。

    Illustration explaining electric charges, showing attraction between positive and negative charges.

    Q: How do positive protons stay close together inside the nucleus of the atom if like charges repel each other?
    ::问:正质子如何在原子核心内紧紧相连? 如果像电荷那样互相击退呢?

    A: Other, stronger forces in the nucleus hold the protons together.
    ::A:核心中其他更强大的力量 将质子凝聚在一起。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Electric charge is a physical property of particles or objects that causes them to attract or repel each other without touching.
      ::电荷是粒子或物体的物理属性,导致它们相互吸引或击退,不触摸。
    • Particles that have opposite charges attract each other. Particles that have like charges repel each other. The force of attraction or repulsion is called electric force.
      ::具有相反的电荷的粒子互相吸引。 具有类似电荷的粒子互相击退。 吸引力或击退力被称为电力。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is electric charge?
      ::什么是电费?
    2. Make a simple table summarizing electric forces between charged particles.
      ::制作一个简单表格,汇总充电颗粒之间的电力。