20.14 电气安全
Section outline
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Electricit y is dangerous and contact with electric current can cause severe burns and even death. Electricity can also cause serious fires.
::电力是危险的,与电流的接触可造成严重烧伤甚至死亡,电力也可造成严重火灾。Q: A common cause of electric hazards and fires is a short . Do you know what a short circuit is?
::问题:电危害和火灾的一个常见原因是短暂的。你知道短路是什么吗?A: As its name suggests, a short circuit is damage that allows electric current to travel through a shorter loop than it should. To find out how this can occur and why it is dangerous, keep reading.
::A:如其名称所示,短路就是损坏,电流能够通过比它应该短的环路。要了解这种情况是如何发生的,以及它为什么很危险,请继续阅读。How a Short Circuit Occurs
::如何短电路操作Did you ever see an old appliance with a damaged cord, like the old shown in the Figure ? A damaged electric cord can cause a severe shock if it allows current to pass from the cord to a person who touches it. A damaged cord can also cause a short circuit. A short circuit occurs when electric current follows a shorter path than the intended loop of the circuit. An electric cord contains two wires: one that carries current from the outlet to the appliance and one that carries current from the appliance back to the outlet. If the two wires in a damaged cord come into contact with each other, current flows from one wire to the other and bypasses the appliance. This may cause the wires to overheat and start a fire.
::您是否见过一个旧的电源, 带有受损的电线, 像图中显示的旧的电线? 受损的电线如果允许电流从电线传到触电线的人身上, 就会造成严重的冲击。 受损的电线也可能造成短路。 当电流沿着比预定电路环更短的路径前进时, 就会发生短路。 电线包含两条电线: 一条从电源出口传到电源, 一条从电源传回到电源出口。 如果两条电线从被损坏的电线相互接触, 电线从一条线向另一条流动, 绕过电源。 这可能导致电线过热并起火 。Electric Safety Features
::电气安全特点Because electricity can be so dangerous, safety features are built into modern electric and devices. They include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets. You can read about these three safety features in the Figure .
::由于电力可能非常危险,现代电力和装置中都含有安全特征,包括三根插头、断路器和GFCI插座。您可以在图中看到这三个安全特征。A Three-Prong Plug is used on metal appliances. The two flat prongs carry current to and from the appliances. The round prong is for safety. It connects with a wire inside the outlet that goes down into the ground. If any stray current leaks from the circuit or if there is a short circuit, the ground wire carries the current into the ground, which harmlessly absorbs it.
::金属器件使用三Prong 插件。 两根平板的柱子背着电流进出电源。 圆根是为了安全起见。 它与通往地面的出口的铁丝网相连。 如果电路有误流,或者电路短路, 地面铁丝网将电流带入地面, 后者无害吸收 。Circuit Breaker: This electrical panel contains several circuit breakers. A circuit breaker is a switch that automatically interrupts a circuit if too much current flows through it. This could happen if too many electric devices are plugged into the circuit or if too many electric devices are plugged into the circuit or if there is an electric short. Once the problem is resolved, the circuit breaker can be switched back on to complete the circuit so current can flow through it again.
::断路器 : 这个断路器包含多个断路器 。 断路器是一个开关, 如果电路流过多, 断路器会自动中断电路 。 如果电路中插入了太多的电动装置, 或者电路中插入了太多的电动装置, 或者电路有短路, 断路器会自动中断电路 。 一旦问题解决, 断路器可以被调回来完成电路, 这样电流就可以再次流过电路 。GFCI Outlet: GFCI stands for ground-fault circuit interrupter. GFCI outlets are typically found in bathrooms and kitchens where the use of water poses a risk of shock (because water is a good electric conductor). A GFCI outlet contains a device that monitors the amount of current leaving and returning to the outlet. If less current is returning than leaving, this means that current is escaping. When this occurs, a tiny circuit breaker in the outlet interrupts the circuit. The breaker can be reset by pushing a button on the outlet cover.
::GFCI Outlet: GFCI 代表地壳断路器。 GFCI 插座通常在浴室和厨房中找到,因为水的使用有受到冲击的风险(因为水是良好的电导器)。 GFCI 插座包含一个设备,用于监测流离量并返回出口。如果流流量比离开少,这意味着流流正在逃脱。一旦发生这种情况,出口中的小断路器会中断电路。 断路器可以通过在出口封面上按一个按钮重新设置。Q: Can you think of any other electric safety features?
::问:你能想到其他的电能安全功能吗?A: One safety feature is the label on a lamp that warns the user of the maximum safe wattage for light bulbs. Another safety feature is double insulation on many electric devices. Not only are the electric wires insulated with a coating of plastic but so is the entire device. The old toaster pictured in the Figure lacks this safety feature, but most modern toasters have a plastic casing. This reduces the risk of current leaving the device except through the cord.
::A:一个安全特征是灯具上贴有标签,警告灯泡的最大安全瓦特值用户注意灯泡的最大安全瓦特值;另一个安全特征是许多电动装置双绝缘。不仅电线被塑料涂层隔绝,整个装置也是如此。图中描绘的旧烤面包机缺乏安全特征,但大多数现代烤面包机都有塑料外壳。这降低了除通过绳索外离开装置的风险。Using Electricity Safely
::安全使用电力Even with electric safety features, electricity is still dangerous if it is misused. Follow the safety rules below to reduce the risk of injury or fire from electricity.
::即便有电能安全功能,电力如果被滥用,仍然很危险。 遵守下面的安全规则以减少电工伤或火灾的风险。-
Never mix electricity and water. Don’t plug in or turn on electric lights or appliances when your hands are wet, you are standing in water, or you are in the shower or bathtub. The current could flow through the water—and you—because water is a good conductor of electricity.
::永远不要将电力和水混合在一起。 你的手湿了,不要插上电灯或电器,也不要转动电灯或器械,你站在水里,或者在淋浴或浴缸里。 水流可能流过水,而你也可能流过水,因为水是良好的电力导体。 -
Never overload circuits. Avoid plugging too many devices into one outlet or extension cord. The more devices that are plugged in, the more current the circuit carries. Too much current can overheat a circuit and start a fire.
::永远不要超载电路。 避免将太多的设备插入一个出口或延伸线。 插入的装置越多, 电路随波越长。 太多的电流会过热, 导致电路起火 。 -
Never use devices with damaged cords or plugs. They can cause shocks, shorts, and fires.
::永远不要使用有损坏的绳索或插头的装置,它们可能造成冲击、短裤和火灾。 -
Never put anything except plugs into electric outlets. Putting any other object into an outlet is likely to cause a serious shock that could be fatal.
::除了插上电源插座之外,从未设置过任何插座。 将任何其他物体插进插座可能会造成严重冲击,导致致命性冲击。 -
Never go near fallen electric lines. They could have very high
voltage
. Report fallen lines to the electric company as soon as possible.
::电线不能靠近倒塌的电线,电压可能非常高。 尽快向电力公司报告电线下降的情况。
Summary
::摘要-
A short circuit occurs when electric current follows a shorter path than the intended loop of the circuit. A short circuit may cause wires to overheat and start a fire.
::当电流走的路径比预期的电路环短时,即发生短路,短路可能导致电线过热并起火。 -
Several safety features are built into modern electric circuits and devices. They include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets.
::现代电路和装置中含有若干安全特征,包括三根插头、断路器和GFCI插座。 -
Following safety rules can reduce the risk of injury or fire from electricity
.
::遵循安全规则可以减少电伤或火灾的风险。
Review
::回顾-
What causes a short circuit? Why is a short circuit dangerous?
::是什么造成短路?为什么短路危险? -
Identify an electric safety feature and explain how it works.
::确定一个电子安全功能,并解释其运作方式。 -
Create an illustrated poster to share electric safety rules with other people your age. Include at least three safety rules in your poster.
::创建一个插图海报, 与您年龄的其他人分享电路安全规则。 在您的海报中至少包含三个安全规则 。
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Never mix electricity and water. Don’t plug in or turn on electric lights or appliances when your hands are wet, you are standing in water, or you are in the shower or bathtub. The current could flow through the water—and you—because water is a good conductor of electricity.
