章节大纲

  • 常规

    全部折叠 展开全部

  • 生物化学反应类型

    What you will learn
    ::你会学到什么

    • and their role in metabolism
      ::及其在新陈代谢中的作用
    • The types of biochemical reactions
      ::生化反应的类型

    A hummingbird feeding on a flower, highlighting its high energy and metabolic rate.

    What do you get when you cross biology and chemistry?
    ::当你跨过生物学和化学 你能得到什么?

    Hummingbirds, with their tiny bodies and high levels of activity, have the highest metabolic rates of any — roughly a dozen times that of a pigeon and a hundred times that of an elephant. The metabolic rate, or rate of metabolism, has to do with the amount of energy the organism uses. And that energy is used to drive the chemical reactions in — or the biochemical reactions. And, of course, it is all the biochemical reactions that allow the cells to function properly, and maintain life.
    ::蜂鸟体小,活动活跃程度高,其代谢率最高,大约是鸽子的十倍,是大象的一百倍,代谢率或新陈代谢率与生物体使用的能量量有关,能量被用来驱动化学反应,或生物化学反应。 当然,所有生物化学反应都使细胞正常运转,维持生命。

    Biochemical Reactions
    ::生物化学反应

    Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things. The field of biochemistry demonstrates that knowledge of chemistry, as well as biology , is needed to fully understand the life processes of organisms at the level of the cell. The sum of all the biochemical reactions in an organism is called metabolism . It includes both exothermic and endothermic reactions.
    ::生物化学反应是活物细胞内的化学反应。生物化学领域表明,需要化学和生物学知识才能充分了解细胞一级生物的生命过程。生物体中所有生物化学反应的总和被称为新陈代谢,包括异温和异温反应。

    Types of Biochemical Reactions
    ::生物化学反应类型

    Exothermic reactions in organisms are called catabolic reactions . These reactions break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. An example of a catabolic reaction is the breakdown of glucose , which releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes. Endothermic reactions in organisms are called anabolic reactions . These reactions build up bigger molecules from smaller ones. An example of an anabolic reaction is the joining of amino acids to form a . Which type of reactions—catabolic or anabolic—do you think occur when your body digests food ?
    ::生物体中的异热反应被称为代谢反应。这些反应将分子分成小单位和释放能量。一种新陈代谢反应的一个例子是葡萄糖的分解,它释放出细胞进行生命过程所需的能量。生物体中的异热反应被称为代谢反应。这些反应从较小的反应中形成更大的分子。一种新陈代谢反应的一个例子是氨基酸结合形成一种反应。一种反应——代谢反应或代谢反应——你认为在身体消化食物时会发生哪种反应?

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms.
      ::生物化学反应是在生物细胞内发生的化学反应。
    • Catabolic reactions break down big molecules into smaller units.
      ::代谢反应将大分子分成小单元。
    • Anabolic reactions build up bigger molecules from smaller ones.
      ::新陈代谢反应从较小的分子中积累出更大的分子。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are biochemical reactions?
      ::什么是生化反应?
    2. What is metabolism?
      ::什么是新陈代谢?
    3. Describe catabolic reactions?
      ::描述代谢反应?
    4. What is an example of a biochemical reaction?
      ::什么是生化反应的例子?