Section outline

  • General

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  • RNA 核纳

    What you will learn
    ::你会学到什么

    • How is RNA different from
      ::RNA和RNA有什么不同?
    • Types of RNA and their functions
      ::RNA类型及其功能

    Abstract representation of tRNA, illustrating its role in protein synthesis alongside mRNA and rRNA.

    How does the information move from the nucleus, where the DNA is located, to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are?
    ::信息是如何从DNA所在的核 到细胞托盘 和骨质细胞的呢?

    RNA, the other , that's how. Specifically mRNA. RNA, the middle player in the . This image is an abstract representation of tRNA . Without tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA, cannot be made.
    ::RNA, 另一则, 就是这样 。 具体来说, mRNA. RNA, 中间玩家 。 此图像是 tRNA 的抽象表示 。 没有 tRNA、 mRNA 和 RRNA , 就无法制作 。

    RNA
    ::RNA 核纳

    DNA alone cannot ‘‘tell’’ your how to make proteins. It needs the help of RNA , ribonucleic acid, the other main player in the central dogma of molecular biology . Remember, DNA ‘‘lives’’ in the , but proteins are made on the in the cytoplasm . How does the genetic information get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? RNA is the answer.
    ::DNA无法单独描述您如何制造蛋白质。 它需要 RNA 、 核糖核酸、 核糖核酸、 分子生物学中心教条中另一个主要玩家的帮助。 记住, DNA在分子生物学中是活的, 但蛋白质是在细胞托盘中生成的。 基因信息是如何从核到细胞托盘中获取的? RNA 是答案 。

    RNA vs. DNA
    ::RNA 相对于DNA

    RNA, like DNA, is a nucleic acid. However, RNA differs from DNA in several ways. In addition to being smaller than DNA, RNA also 
    ::RNA和DNA一样,是一种核糖核酸,但RNA在几个方面与DNA不同。

    • consists of one nucleotide chain instead of two,
      ::由一个核酸链组成,而不是两个,
    • contains the nitrogen base uracil (U) instead of thymine,
      ::内含氮基聚氨酯(U),而不含有甲状腺;
    • contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.
      ::糖含有肋骨而不是脱氧核糖核酸。

    Types of RNA
    ::RNA类型

    There are three main types of RNA, all of which are involved in making proteins and are illustrated in the Figure .
    ::RNA有三种主要类型,所有类型都涉及蛋白质的制造,图1说明了这一点。

    1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm.
      ::送信员RNA(mRNA)复制核中DNA的遗传指令,并携带对细胞托盘的指令。
    2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) helps form ribosomes, the where proteins are assembled.
      ::RRNA(RNA)帮助形成蛋白质组装的骨质。
    3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins.
      ::RNA(tRNA)的转移将氨基酸引入血清,将氨基酸结合成蛋白质。
    Rna Types: Mrna Carrying Instructions, Trna Transferring Amino Acids, Rrna In Ribosomes.
    Shown are the three types of RNA and their roles: (1) mRNA contains the genetic message, (2) tRNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosome, (3) rRNA is the main component of the ribosome.

     

     

    How does DNA differ from RNA?
    ::DNA与RNA有何不同?

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • RNA differs from DNA in several ways; RNA is single-stranded instead of double-stranded, contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and contains uracil instead of thymine.
      ::RNA在几个方面与DNA不同;RNA是单排而不是双排,含有肋骨而不是脱氧核糖核酸,并含有毫升而非胸腺。
    • There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
      ::RNA有三种主要类型:信使RNA(mRNA)、RNA(rRNA)和移送RNA(tRNA)。
    • Each type of RNA plays a different in role in making proteins.
      ::每种RNA在生产蛋白质方面起着不同的作用。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are the three main types of RNA? Describe their roles.
      ::RNA的三种主要类型是什么? 说明它们的作用。
    2. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
      ::比较和对比DNA和RNA。