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  • 淡水和湿地生物群

    What you will learn 
    ::你会学到什么

    • What are freshwater biomes
      ::什么是淡水生物群落
    • How are wetland important
      ::湿地如何重要?

    Wetland marshes in Delaware at sunset, featuring abundant vegetation and reflective water.

    What may be the most biologically diverse type of ecosystem?
    ::最生物多样化的生态系统类型是什么?

    These are wetland marshes in Delaware. Notice the abundance of vegetation mixed with the . And of course, where there are plants, there are . Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of all . Plant life found in wetlands includes mangroves, water lilies, cattails, black spruce, cypress, and many others. Animal life includes many different , , , , and mammals .
    ::这些是特拉华州的湿地沼泽。 注意与植物混合的植被丰富。 当然, 在有植物的地方, 有。 湿地被认为是生物上最多样化的。 湿地中的植物生命包括红树林、 水百合、 丝尾、 黑芽、 cypress 和其他许多生物。 动物生命包括许多不同的生物, 以及哺乳动物。

    Freshwater Biomes
    ::淡水生物群

    Freshwater biomes have water that contains little or no salt. They include standing and running freshwater biomes. Standing freshwater biomes include ponds and lakes. Lakes are generally bigger and deeper than ponds. Some of the water in lakes is in the aphotic zone , where there is too little sunlight for . Plankton and plants, such as the duckweed in the Figure , are the primary in standing freshwater biomes.
    ::淡水生物群落的水很少或没有盐,包括常存和流动的淡水生物群落;常存淡水生物群落包括池塘和湖泊;湖泊一般比池塘大、更深;湖泊中的一些水位在光线太小的北极地区;Plankton和植物,如图中的鸭草,是常存淡水生物群落中最主要的。

    • A frog camouflaged in duckweed, illustrating a key producer in freshwater biomes.
      The pond has a thick mat of duckweed plants. They cover the surface of the water and use sunlight for photosynthesis.

      ::池塘有厚厚的鸭草植物,覆盖水面,使用阳光做光合作用。
    • Cattails growing near calm water reflecting the sky and surrounding landscape.
      The cattails grow along a stream bed. They have tough, slender leaves that can withstand moving water.

      ::尾尾巴生长在溪床上 它们有坚硬的苗条叶子 能够承受移动的水

    Running freshwater biomes include streams and rivers. Rivers are usually larger than streams. Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a spring. The water runs downhill and joins other running water to become a stream. A stream may flow into a river that empties into a lake or the ocean. Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and nutrients than standing water. However, the moving water is a challenge to many living things. and plants, such as the cattails in the Figure , are the primary producers in running water biomes.    
    ::流动的淡水生物群落包括溪流和河流。 河流通常大于溪流。 溪流可能从径流或泉水渗出开始。 水向下流, 与其他自来水结合成为溪流。 溪流可能流到一条河中, 河流会流入湖泊或海洋。 流动的水比站立水更能溶解氧气和养分。 然而, 流动的水对许多生物来说是一个挑战。 植物, 如图中的尾, 是自来水生物群落的主要产物。

    Wetlands
    ::湿地

    A wetland is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year. The water may be freshwater or saltwater. Wetlands are extremely important biomes for several reasons:
    ::湿地是饱和水或水覆盖至少一年季节的地区,水可以是淡水或盐水。

    • They store excess water from floods.
      ::他们储存来自洪水的多余水。
    • They slow down runoff and help prevent erosion.
      ::它们减慢径流,有助于防止侵蚀。
    • They remove excess nutrients from runoff before it empties into rivers or lakes.
      ::在径流排入河流或湖泊之前,它们会从径流中去除多余的营养物质。
    • They provide a unique habitat that certain communities of plants need to survive.
      ::它们提供了一个独特的栖息地 某些植物群落需要生存
    • They provide a safe, lush habitat for many of animals, so they have high .
      ::它们为许多动物提供了一个安全、平淡的栖息地,因此它们具有很高的高度。

     

     

    KQED: San Francisco Bay: A Unique Estuary
    ::KQED: 旧金山湾:独特研究

    An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the ocean. Estuaries can be thought of as the most biologically productive regions on Earth, with very high biodiversity. Estuaries are zones where land and sea come together, and where fresh and saltwater meet.
    ::河口是部分封闭的沿海水域,有一条或多条河流或多条溪流流入河中,与海洋自由连接,可以认为是地球上生物生产力最高的地区,生物多样性非常高。 河口是陆地和海洋汇合、淡水和盐水汇合的地区。

    The San Francisco Bay is one of the great estuaries of the world.
    ::旧金山湾是世界上伟大的河口之一。

     

     

    Science Friday : Poop and Paddle: An Eco-Friendly Floating Toilet
    ::科学周五:Poop and paddle:生态友好浮动厕所

    How do wetlands filter water? In this video by Science Friday , inventor Adam Katzman describes how his toilet-boat converts human waste into cattails and clean water.
    ::湿地如何过滤水?在科学周五的影片中,发明家亚当·卡茨曼描述了他的马桶船如何将人类废物转化为尾巴和清洁水。

     

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Freshwater biomes include standing water and running water biomes.
      ::淡水生物群落包括立水和自来水生物群落。
    • Wetlands are extremely important biomes. They may have freshwater or saltwater.
      ::湿地是极为重要的生物群落,可能有淡水或盐水。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Describe a freshwater biome.
      ::描述淡水生物群落。
    2. Define a wetland.
      ::定义一个湿地。
    3. Why do wetlands have high biodiversity?
      ::为什么湿地的生物多样性高?
    4. A developer wants to extend a golf course into a wetland. Outline environmental arguments you could make against this plan.
      ::开发商想把高尔夫球场扩大到湿地 概述环境论点