章节大纲

  • 常规

    全部折叠 展开全部

  • 水生物体

    What you will learn
    ::你会学到什么

    • The different groups of aquatic organisms
      ::水生生物的不同类别

    Colorful Christmas tree worms on a coral reef in various vibrant hues.

    What are these? Plants or animals?
    ::这些是植物还是动物?

    They are actually the Christmas tree worms. These are colorful, and can be red, orange, yellow, blue, and white. The Christmas tree worm lives on coral reefs throughout the world. The Christmas tree worm's plumes are used for feeding and respiration . These worms use their plumes to catch plankton and other small particles passing in the . Cilia then pass the food to the worm's mouth.
    ::它们实际上是圣诞树的虫子。它们多彩多彩,可以是红色、橙色、黄色、蓝色和白色的。圣诞树的虫子生活在世界各地的珊瑚礁上。圣诞树的虫子被用来喂食和呼吸。这些虫子用它们的羽毛捕捉浮游生物和其他通过硅亚的微粒。然后把食物传给虫口。

    Aquatic Organisms
    ::水生物体

    Aquatic organisms generally fall into three broad groups: plankton, nekton , and benthos . They vary in how they move and where they live.
    ::水生生物一般分为三大类:浮游生物、纳克顿生物和底栖生物,在移动方式和居住地点方面各不相同。

    1. Plankton are tiny aquatic organisms that cannot move on their own. They live in the photic zone . They include phytoplankton and zooplankton . Phytoplankton are and that use sunlight to make food. Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton. 
      ::Plankton是小水生有机体,不能自行移动,它们居住在甲状腺带,包括浮游植物和浮游动物。浮游植物利用阳光生产食物。动物浮游生物是食用浮游植物的小动物。
    2. Nekton are animals that can move on their own by “swimming” through the water. They may live in the photic or aphotic zone . They feed on plankton or other nekton. Examples of nekton include and shrimp.
      ::Nekton是能够通过水中“游动”自行移动的动物,它们可能居住在发光区或发光区,食用浮游生物或其他Nekton。Nekton的例子包括和虾。
    3. Benthos are aquatic organisms that crawl in sediments at the bottom of a body of water. Many are decomposers . Benthos include , clams, and anglerfish like the one in the Figure . How has this fish adapted to a life in the dark?
      ::底栖生物是指在水体底部沉积物中爬行的水生生物,其中许多是脱腐生物。底栖生物包括、蛤蛤和像图中那样的角鱼。这些鱼类如何适应黑暗中的生活?
    An anglerfish, known for its bioluminescent lure, adapted to deep sea living.
    Anglerfish. This anglerfish lives between 1000 and 4000 meters below sea level. No sunlight penetrates to this depth. The rod-like structure on its face has a glow-in-the-dark tip. It is covered with microorganisms that give off their own light. The fish wiggles the structure like a worm to attract prey. In the darkness, only the rod-like worm is visible.

     

     

    KQED: Studying Aquatic Animals
    ::KQED: 研究水生动物

    Oceans cover more than 70 percent of our planet, yet they are some of the least explored regions on Earth. Who better to unlock the mysteries of the ocean than animals themselves? Marine scientists have been tagging and tracking sharks, leatherback , and other sea life to learn more about marine . Through the Tagging of Pacific Predators program (TOPP), scientists hope to assess and explain the routes, ecosystems, and diversity of our oceans’ .
    ::海洋覆盖了地球的70%以上,但它们却是地球上探索最少的区域。 谁比动物自己更能揭开海洋的奥秘呢? 海洋科学家一直在跟踪和跟踪鲨鱼、皮革和其他海洋生物,以更多地了解海洋。 科学家们希望通过太平洋捕食者拖网计划(TOPP)来评估和解释我们海洋的路线、生态系统和多样性。

    Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and other marine animals. The tags collect information, such as how deep each animal dives, the levels of ambient light (to help determine an animal’s location), and interior and exterior body temperature. Some tags also collect information about the temperature, salinity, and depth of the water surrounding an animal to help scientists identify ocean currents. The tags send the data to a satellite, which in turn sends the data the scientists. They use this information to create maps of migration patterns and discover new information about different marine ecosystems. The information collected by TOPP offers rare insights into the lives of marine animals. Without TOPP, that information would otherwise remain unknown. With TOPP, scientists are developing a working knowledge of the particular migration routes animals take, as well as the locations of popular breeding grounds and the environmental dangers faced by different species. TOPP has shed light on how we can better protect the leatherback turtle and other endangered species.  
    ::从2000年开始,来自国家海洋和大气管理局、斯坦福大学和加利福尼亚大学圣克鲁斯大学的科学家一起组成了TOPP。作为TOP的一部分,研究人员将卫星标签附加给大象海豹、白鲨鱼、巨型皮带海龟、蓝鳍金枪鱼、箭鱼和其他海洋动物。这些标签收集了信息,例如每次动物潜水深度、环境光(帮助确定动物的位置)水平以及内外体温。有些标签还收集关于动物周围水的温度、盐度和深度的信息,以帮助科学家识别洋流。这些标签将数据发送给卫星,而卫星又将数据发送给科学家。他们利用这一信息绘制迁徙模式图,并发现关于不同海洋生态系统的新信息。TOP收集的信息为海洋动物的生活提供了稀有的洞见。如果没有TOPPP,这种信息将仍然不为人所知。与TOPP一起,科学家正在开发关于特定迁徙路线的工作知识,以及流行繁殖地的位置和不同物种面临的环境危险。TOPP揭示了我们如何更好地保护金龟和其他濒危物种。

     

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Aquatic organisms are either plankton, nekton, or benthos.
      ::水生生物有浮游生物、内克顿生物,也有底栖生物。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Compare plankton, nekton, and benthos.
      ::比较浮游生物、尼克顿和底栖生物
    2. Give an example of plankton, nekton, and benthos.
      ::举个浮游生物、尼克顿和底栖生物的例子。
    3. What are phytoplankton and zooplankton?
      ::什么是浮游植物和浮游动物?

    Resources
    ::资源