Section outline

  • General

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  • 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争

    What you will learn 
    ::你会学到什么

    • What is competition among organisms
      ::生物体之间的竞争是什么?
    • Interspecific and intraspecific competition
      ::具体竞争和具体内部竞争
    • How competition can lead to extinction or specialization
      ::竞争如何导致灭绝或专业化

    Two kangaroos engage in a competitive stance in a natural setting.

    Does there have to be a winner?
    ::一定要赢吗?

    When compete? Yes. Animals, or other organisms, will compete when both want the same thing. One must "lose" so the winner can have the resource. But competition doesn't necessarily involve physical altercations.
    ::当竞争时?是的,动物或其他生物在双方都想要同样的东西时,就会竞争。一个人必须“关闭 ” , 才能让赢家拥有资源。但竞争并不一定涉及身体上的争论。

    Competition
    ::竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争 竞争

    Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food , , or space. There are two different types of competition, which are detailed below. Use the interactive   below to check your understanding.
    ::竞争是在同一地点为同一资源而奋斗的生物之间的关系。 资源可以是食物, 也可以是空间。 竞争有两种不同的类型,详述如下。 使用下面的交互方式来检查您的理解 。

    1. Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same . For example, two male of the same species might compete for mates in the same area. This type of competition is a basic factor in . It leads to the evolution of better adaptations within a species.
      ::例如,同一物种中的两名男性可能在同一区域竞争伴侣。这种竞争是其中的一个基本因素。它导致一个物种内更好的适应变化。
    2. Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species. For example, predators of different species might compete for the same prey .
      ::例如,不同物种的捕食者可能竞争同一猎物。

    Can you match the scenarios below to the correct type of competition?
    ::您能否将以下情景与正确的竞争类型相匹配?

    Interspecific Competition and Extinction
    ::相互竞争和排外

    Interspecific competition often leads to extinction . The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the resources that both species need. As a result, members of that species are less likely to survive, and the species may go extinct.
    ::具体竞争往往导致灭绝。 适应性较差的物种获得的资源可能少于这两种物种所需要的资源。 因此,该物种的成员生存的可能性较小,物种可能灭绝。

    Interspecific Competition and Specialization
    ::具体竞争与专门化

    Instead of extinction, interspecific competition may lead to greater specialization. Specialization occurs when competing species evolve different adaptations. For example, they may evolve adaptations that allow them to use different food sources. An example of such specialization is described below.
    ::专门化发生在相互竞争的物种形成不同的适应性时,例如,它们可能会演变适应性,允许它们使用不同的食物来源,下文将介绍这种专门化的一个实例。

     

     

    • A lizard displaying its colorful throat pouch on a rock against a natural background.
    • A green lizard displaying its colorful throat pouch among green leaves.
    Specialization in Anole Lizards: Many species of anole lizards prey on insects in tropical rain forests. Competition among them has led to the evolution of specializations. Some anoles prey on insects on the forest floor (brown anoles - Fig 2). Others prey on insects in trees (green anoles - Fig 3). This allows the different species of anoles to live in the same area without competing.

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place.
      ::竞争是在同一地点争取同样资源的有机体之间的关系。
    • Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. It improves the species’ adaptations.
      ::同一物种的成员之间发生具体竞争,这改善了物种的适应性。
    • Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species. It may lead to one species going extinct or both becoming more specialized.
      ::不同物种的成员之间发生具体竞争,可能导致一种物种灭绝,或两种物种都变得更加专业化。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is competition?
      ::什么是竞争?
    2. Describe the evolutionary effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition.
      ::说明具体竞争和具体竞争的演变效果。