Course: 5.6 债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化

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债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化
Bonds, Stocks, Mutual Funds, Risk & Diversification
::债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化

Investing money for your future is very important in your life. Not everybody invests as they should. People should begin investing their money as soon as they begin to work. It makes for a brighter future. Stocks, bonds, and mutual funds are all good ways to invest your money beyond the everyday savings account. In this chapter, we will explore how to calculate these investments and see how they work.
::投资你的未来对于你的生活非常重要。投资你的未来非常重要。不是每个人都像他们应该的那样投资。人们一旦开始工作,就应该马上开始投资。投资可以创造更光明的未来。股票、债券和共同基金都是将你的钱投资到日常储蓄账户之外的好方法。在本章中,我们将探索如何计算这些投资,看看它们是如何运作的。

Universal Generalizations
::普遍化

One way to increase the amount of interest earned on one’s money is to “lend” it to the government or business in the form of a bond purchase.
::增加个人金钱所得利息额的一种方法是以购买债券的形式“借”给政府或企业。

Governments and companies offer people the opportunity to invest in a variety of ways.
::政府和公司为人民提供了以各种方式投资的机会。

Risks vary depending on the types of stocks and bonds you invest in.
::风险因你投资的股票和债券类型而异。

There are always risks and benefits associated with investing in the stock market.
::投资股票市场总是有风险和好处。

Investors should know how much they can afford to risk and what types of investments pose low, medium, and higher risks.
::投资者应当知道他们能够承担多大风险,哪些类型的投资构成低、中、高风险。

Guiding Questions
::问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问问

Why would people want to invest in the stock market?
::为什么人们想投资股票市场?

How can stocks and bonds benefit both the buyer and the seller?
::股票和债券如何使买方和卖方都受益?

Why would the local government want to sell municipal bonds?
::为什么地方政府要出售市政债券?

What are the safest investments a person can make, with the highest return for the lowest risk?
::最安全的投资是什么? 风险最低者回报最高,最安全的投资是什么?

When someone buys stock , they buy a small part of a company. They earn the right to share in a company’s profits and losses. They can make money if the value of the company goes up. Then they sell their stock for more than they paid. There is another way that people earn money from stocks. Some people own shares of stocks that pay dividends.
::当有人购买股票时,他们只购买公司一小部分,他们有权分享公司的利润和亏损,如果公司价值上升,他们就能赚钱。然后,他们卖股票的价钱超过他们所付的。另一种方式是人们从股票中赚钱。有些人拥有股本股,他们支付股息。

Percent of the Profits
::利润的百分率

When a company pays a dividend , it gives some of its profits directly to the stock owners. The more shares of stock a person owns, the more money they’ll receive. For instance, if a stock pays a dividend of 75 cents a share, someone who owns 85 shares will receive. Stable companies such as Coca-Cola and electric companies offer dividends on their stocks. People hold these stocks for years at a time.
::当一家公司支付股息时,它直接将部分利润给股东。一个人拥有的股票股份越多,他们得到的钱就越多。比如,如果股票支付75美分的股息,拥有85美分股份的人就会得到。可口可乐和电力公司等稳定公司会为其股票提供股息。人们将这些股票一次持有多年。

Elderly people often use dividends from stocks to supplement their income from Social S ecurity. While dividends don’t offer the huge profits that can come from buying and selling stocks, they also carry fewer risks. They’re a good investment for people looking for steady, reliable income.
::老年人常常用股息来补充他们从社会保障中获取的收入。虽然股息不能带来从买卖股票中获得的巨额利润,但风险也较少。他们对于寻找稳定可靠收入的人来说是一种很好的投资。

Example A

Buying and Selling Stocks
::股票的买卖

Randy just bought 800 shares of stock in Facebook at $19.50 per share. A stock company that you have been working with charges $10 per transaction and you want to sell because the current rate for your shares skyrocketed and is at $34.50 per share. What will be your profit from this stock?
::兰迪刚刚在Facebook上购买了800股股票,每股19.50美元。一个股票公司,每笔交易收费10美元,你想卖,因为现在的股票利率飞涨,每股34.50美元。你从这股股票中获利多少?

Sell $\begin{aligned} 800 * $ 34.50 = $ 27, 600.00 \end{aligned}$
::出售800*34.50美元=27 600.00美元

Your cost $\begin{aligned} 800 * $ 19.50 = $ 15, 600.00 \end{aligned}$
::您的800*19.50美元=15.600美元

Since you have basically made two transactions, the buying and selling of your stock, your company charges you $20.00 so your net profit will be:
::既然你基本上做了两笔交易, 买卖你的股票, 你的公司收费你$$20,000 所以,你的净利润将是:

$\begin{aligned} $ 27, 600 - $ 15, 600 = $ 12, 000.00 \end{aligned}$

$\begin{aligned} $ 12, 000.00 - $ 20.00 = $ 11, 980.00 \end{aligned}$

Example B

Mutual funds are investment programs paid for by shareholders and is usually professionally managed. One advantage to having mutual funds is that the assets are liquid, which means that converting from assets to cash money is really easy. Since these funds in the market are in high demand, these mutual funds become liquid assets and investors can convert the asset to cash easily by selling them to other investors. Another good thing is that these funds are professionally managed by professional companies and don't require a lot of time or knowledge from the investors themselves. Diversified portfolios, which don't carry lots of risk, are very costly. The good thing about having a portfolio is the increased expected returns without the risk factors involved. The bad thing is that they are very expensive in price.
::共同基金是股东支付的投资方案,通常由专业管理。拥有共同基金的一个好处是资产是流动性的,这意味着从资产转为现金资金非常容易。由于这些在市场上的资金需求很大,这些共同基金成为流动资产,投资者可以通过将资产出售给其他投资者而很容易地将资产转换成现金。另一个好处是,这些资金由专业公司专业管理,不需要投资者本身花费很多时间或知识。多样化的投资组合不会带来很多风险,因此成本很高。拥有投资组合的好处是预期回报增加而不涉及风险因素。坏的是,它们的价格非常昂贵。

Example C

Bonds are debt, securities, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt, and depending on the terms, is obligated to pay them interest. This interest is commonly known as the coupon and they need to repay the debt at a later date, which is called the maturity date. When companies want to raise money for new projects, they issue bonds directly to investors instead of going to banks for loans. An example of this is when a bond is issued when interest rates are at 5% at $1,000 per value with an annual coupon of 5%, it will create $50 annually to the bondholder. If rates drop to 3.5% then the bond still pays out at 5 % which makes the bond very attractive to investors who will buy it until the rates of the bond equal 4%, but if the rates go up to 6.5% then the bond becomes unattractive to investors. Interest rates determine the value of bonds to investors.
::债券是债券,债券发行人根据债券欠持股人的债务,并视条件而定,有义务支付利息。这种利息通常被称为优惠券,他们需要在日后偿还债务,即到期日。当公司想为新项目筹集资金时,他们直接向投资者发行债券,而不是向银行贷款。举例来说,当利率为5%,每美元5 % , 年息5 % , 债券每年将产生50美元给债券持有者。如果利率降至3.5 % , 债券仍以5%支付, 这使得债券对投资者非常有吸引力,直到债券利率达到4%,但如果利率达到6.5%,债券就会对投资者失去吸引力。利率决定债券对投资者的价值。

Complete the practice problems below.
::解决以下的实践问题。

Practice Problems
Use the information to answer these questions about buying and selling of stocks.
::利用这些信息回答关于买卖股票的问题。

::使用这些信息回答有关买卖股票的问题。

1. Purchased shares of stock: 1000 shares of Nike at $24.50 per share
::1. 购买股份:1000股耐克股,每股24.50美元

Current price of stock: $39.75 per share
::当前库存价格:每股39.75美元

Stock companies price per transaction: $9.99
::股票公司每笔交易的价格:9.99美元

What is your net profit from each stock transaction?
::你每次股票交易的净利润是多少?

2. Purchased shares of stock: 800 shares of Panda Express at $13.50 per share
::2. 购买股份:Panda Express800股,每股13.50美元

Current price of stock: $23.25 per share
::当前库存价格:每股23.25美元

Stock companies price per transaction: $10
::每笔交易的股票公司价格:10美元

What is your net profit from each stock transaction?
::你每次股票交易的净利润是多少?

3. Purchased shares of stock: 1200 shares of Wal Mart at $35.50 per share
::3. 购买股份:沃尔玛1 200股,每股35.50美元

Current price of stock: $58.75 per share
::当前库存价格:每股58.75美元

Stock companies price per transaction: $12.99
::每笔交易的股票公司价格:12.99美元

What is your net profit from each stock transaction?

Section outline

General

债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化

Bonds, Stocks, Mutual Funds, Risk & Diversification ::债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化

Sell 800 ∗ $ 34.50 = $ 27 , 600.00 ::出售800*34.50美元=27 600.00美元

Your cost 800 ∗ $ 19.50 = $ 15 , 600.00 ::您的800*19.50美元=15.600美元

$ 27 , 600 − $ 15 , 600 = $ 12 , 000.00

$ 12 , 000.00 − $ 20.00 = $ 11 , 980.00

Practice Problems 播放段落 Use the information to answer these questions about buying and selling of stocks. ::利用这些信息回答关于买卖股票的问题。 ::使用这些信息回答有关买卖股票的问题。

Bonds, Stocks, Mutual Funds, Risk & Diversification
::债券、股票、共同基金、风险和多样化

Sell $\begin{aligned} 800 * $ 34.50 = $ 27, 600.00 \end{aligned}$
::出售800*34.50美元=27 600.00美元

Your cost $\begin{aligned} 800 * $ 19.50 = $ 15, 600.00 \end{aligned}$
::您的800*19.50美元=15.600美元

$\begin{aligned} $ 27, 600 - $ 15, 600 = $ 12, 000.00 \end{aligned}$

$\begin{aligned} $ 12, 000.00 - $ 20.00 = $ 11, 980.00 \end{aligned}$

Practice Problems
Use the information to answer these questions about buying and selling of stocks.
::利用这些信息回答关于买卖股票的问题。

::使用这些信息回答有关买卖股票的问题。